不同配方双孢蘑菇培养料的细菌群落结构和理化性状  

Bacterial community structure and physical-chemical properties of different formulations of cultivated mushroom(Agaricus bisporus) composts

作　　者：高晓静[1] 张昊琳 佟佳兴 秦改娟 张国庆[2] 陈青君[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院,农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室,北京102206 [2]北京农学院生物科学与工程学院,北京102206

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2017年第3期502-510,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B09);现代农业产业技术体系北京市食用菌创新团队建设经费(PXM2016-_014207_000036);北京市科技新星项目(xx2015B025)资助

摘　　要：为充分利用蘑菇产地的农业废弃物资源,在工厂化生产模式下探索以稻草、玉米秸、杏鲍菇菇渣代替部分麦草的双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)培养料配方的可行性.以麦草配方为对照设计配方,分别在堆料期和出菇期取培养料样品,提取总DNA,采用PCR-DGGE技术分析细菌群落结构,同时测定理化性状和产量,利用SPASS软件进行结果分析.结果显示:堆料期回收优势条带59条(KR089383-KR089441),分为5个门22个属;出菇期回收37条(KR089346-KR089382),分为5个门13个属;变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的多个种属为各配方共有的优势菌;与传统麦草配方相比,添加玉米秸秆的配方在堆肥初期细菌多样性较高,但以后持续下降;各配方堆肥期和出菇期细菌群落明显不同.不同配方堆肥期和出菇期培养料含氮量、灰分、电导率(EC)均呈上升趋势,含碳量、碳氮比、含水量以及p H均呈下降趋势,一潮菇后添加菇渣和玉米秸秆的配方含水量急剧下降.添加稻草、菇渣配方的产量稍低于对照纯麦草,添加玉米秸秆的配方产量最低.因此,双孢蘑菇培养料细菌群落和理化特性因原料配方不同表现出一定的差异;综合分析,用稻草和菇渣代替部分麦草的配方是可行的,而添加玉米秸时还需要进一步改进配方或工艺.To make full use of waste from mushroom production, we evaluated the feasibility of replacing wheat straw in the standard formula for industrial production of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus with rice stalks, corn stalks, and mushroom residues from Pleurotus eryngii. Samples from A. bisporus in the different formulations were collected at various stages of cultivation and composting. Total DNA was obtained from each sample. Bacterial communities of all samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE）. Physical-chemical properties and yield were also determined and analyzed in the software SPSS. Sequences of a total of 59 different clones （KR089383–KR089441）, classified into five phyla and 22 genera, were obtained at various compost stages. During cultivation, 37 different clone sequences （KR089346–KR089382） were obtained and classified into five phyla and 13 genera. Species from the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were found to be the dominant microflora. During composting, the bacterial diversity index of corn stalks continuously decreased, whereas that of rice stalks increased. On the other hand, bacterial diversity in wheat straw and mushroom residue composts showed a hump-shaped curve. This suggested that the wheat straw and mushroom residues decomposed well. During cultivation, the bacterial diversity index of rice stalks first decreased then increased. That of the other material in the other three formulas continuously increased. During composting, the nitrogen and ash contents and electrical conductivity of the four composts increased. During cultivation, the carbon content, C/N ratio, water content, and pH showed a decreasing trend. Yields of composts from rice stalks and mushroom residues were lower than that from wheat straw, and that from corn stalks compost was the lowest. These results suggest that rice stalks and mushroom residues can partially replace wheat straw in cultivated mushroom production, bu

关 键 词：双孢蘑菇 细菌多样性 PCR-DGGE 堆肥 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]