调节性T细胞在白癜风与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病发生中的免疫机制  

Immunological role of Treg cells in vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid diseases

作　　者：热孜万古丽.乌买尔 米吉提.吾普尔 阿布力米提.局马 

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区维吾尔医医院皮肤科,新疆乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2017年第8期1415-1418,共4页Chinese Journal of General Practice

摘　　要：白癜风是一种色素脱失性自身免疫性皮肤病,常见于20岁以下的年轻人,主要影响美观和心理。白癜风发病机制尚不明确,提出多种相关发病机制学说,其中自身免疫机制学说具有最强的说服力。白癜风可能的发病机制是机体免疫耐受性被破坏,自身免疫反应中产生的有害物质影响黑色素细胞的正常代谢,最终导致黑色素大量损失而引起白癜风。调节性T细胞(Treg)抑制自身免疫反应,防止自身免疫性疾病的发生,维持机体免疫耐受的重要细胞,Treg细胞抑制正常T细胞对致病因素的过度免疫反应,避免自身组织器官在免疫反应过程的损伤。Treg是研究白癜风和自身免疫性甲状腺疾病发病机制的焦点。抗原特异性Treg细胞在机体免疫系统自身修复过程中重要细胞,Treg细胞在白癜风和自身免疫性甲状腺疾病发病过程中保护黑色素细胞和甲状腺滤泡细胞不受过度免疫反应的损伤,防止这些自身免疫性疾病的发生,正是由于这点,白癜风和有些自身免疫性疾病在病因上可能具有共同的交叉点。Treg细胞为基础的治疗方法可能对白癜风或其他自身免疫性疾病患者带来新的治疗机遇,进一步阐明Treg细胞在白癜风与其他自身免疫性疾病中免疫机制,在新的治疗方法和新药开发具有重要意义。本文探讨Treg细胞在白癜风与自身免疫性甲状腺病发生中的免疫机制,进一步阐明白癜风与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的相关性。Vitiligo is a hypomelanotic autoimmune skin disease, commonly in young people under the age of 20 years old, and mainly affects the appearance and psychology. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is not clear now;the immune mechanism theory is better one of lots related pathogenesis theory, which has the strongest of persuasion. The pathogenesis of vitiligo may involve immune tolerance damage and some substance from autoimmune reactions produce a harmful effect on the normal metabolism of melanoma cells, thus lead to loss of damage of melanin that result in the development of vitiligo. Regulatory T cells（Treg） can inhibit autoimmune reaction,inhibit the excessive immune response of normal T cells of pathogenic factors, prevent the occurrence of autoimmune diseases, and maintain immune tolerance of body, and avoid the damage of own tissues and organs during immunological process. Many studies focused on the role of Treg in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid disease. The antigen-specific human Treg cells are important cells in the process of the immune system repairing by itself,and play an important role in protecting melanoma and thyroid follicular cell from excessive immune response during the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease and vitiligo,preventing the occurrence of these diseases. So,vitiligo and some autoimmune diseases may have a common intersection point on the etiology. The treatment for vitiligo and other autoimmune diseases based on Treg cell may bring new opportunities to the patients. So, the further study of the immunologic mechanism of Treg involved in vitiligo and other autoimmune diseases shows important significance in the new treatment and development of new drugs. This paper will investigate the immune mechanism of Treg cells in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid disease, and further clarify the relationship between vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid disease.

关 键 词：白癜风 自身免疫性甲状腺病 TREG细胞 CD8^+细胞 

分 类 号：R758.41[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学] R581[医药卫生—临床医学]