盐碱胁迫及外源植物激素对小麦和羊草生长发育的影响  

Effects of Salt and Alkali Stresses,and Exogenous Plant Hormones on Growth and Development of Wheat and L.chinensis

作　　者：李晓宇[1] 穆春生[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,吉林长春130102 [2]东北师范大学草地科学研究所植被生态科学教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《草地学报》2017年第2期257-260,共4页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30471232);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20080563);"十一五"国家科技支撑技术重点项目(2006BAD16B06;2008BADB3B09)资助

摘　　要：盐碱胁迫给农牧业生产造成了严重的损失,是人类面临的生态危机之一。研究植物对盐碱胁迫的生理响应特点,提高植物生长能力和产量对改良和利用退化盐碱草地具有重要意义。植物激素是植物响应胁迫的信号转导的主要成员,其含量随着胁迫浓度变化而变化,且外用植物激素可缓解非生物胁迫对植物的伤害。此外,植物激素也是成花的重要信号物质,植物激素如IAA、ABA和GA3等对植物成花和结实具有一定的作用。针对东北盐碱土壤的现状,本论文以一年生粮食作物小麦(Triticum aestivum)和多年生牧草羊草(Leymus chinensis)为材料,分别研究了盐胁迫和碱胁迫对小麦幼苗和羊草幼苗生长发育的影响、外源ABA在提高小麦耐盐碱性中的作用以及外源植物激素对羊草有性及无性繁殖的影响。主要研究结果和结论如下:1.小麦幼苗对盐胁迫和碱胁迫表现为不同的生理响应机制。将浓度为0,40,80,120mmol·L-1的盐胁迫(NaCl∶Na2SO4=9∶1,pH=6.27~6.45)和碱胁迫(Na2CO3∶NaHCO3=9∶1,pH=9.10~9.17)分别应用在生长1周的小麦幼苗上,每天每盆(21cm直径盆栽,沙培法,每盆15棵幼苗)用250mL处理液分2次透灌,连续处理9d,直至最高胁迫浓度的幼苗叶片变黄为止。研究表明,小麦在盐胁迫和碱胁迫下表现出不同的生理响应特征。在盐胁迫下,小麦大量积累Na+、Cl-等无机离子及脯氨酸和可溶性糖等有机溶质,而未积累有机酸;在碱胁迫下,小麦积累大量Na+和有机酸、可溶性糖和脯氨酸,而未积累Cl-和H2PO-4等无机阴离子。有机酸和Cl-的积累是小麦对盐、碱胁迫生理响应机制和适应对策的根本区别所在,其中有机酸是小麦对碱胁迫的特殊响应物质。在试验1基础上进一步对小麦茎叶和根中有机酸组分和含量进行分析,在小麦幼苗内检测出苹果酸、柠檬酸、乙酸、草酸、琥珀酸和甲酸,其中从有机酸组分含量分析上发现苹Soil salinization and alkalization causes which is also one of ecological crisis that humans serious losses in agricultural and husbandy productivity, face. It has significance in improving and using the degeneration saline-alkaline grassland, that study the physiological responses characteristic of plant to salt and alkali stresses, and improve the growth ability of plants and seed productive. Plant hormones are one of the main signal transduction components of plant responding to stresses. The hormones contents will change with stress concentrations. Application of exogenous hormones can alleviate the damage of abiotie stress on plant. Furthermore, plant hormones are important signal substances of flower formation. IAA, ABA and GA3 play key roles in controlling the flower formation and seed production of plants. In this paper, we used annual crop and perennial pasture, wheat （Triticum aestivum） and Leymus chinensis as the experiments materials, and studied the effects of salt and alkali stresses on the seedlings growth and alleviated function of ABA on both stresses and application of plant hormones on improvement of sexual and vegetative reproduction of L. chinensis. The main results and conclusion were as following.

关 键 词：盐碱胁迫 小麦 羊草 生理响应 外源植物激素 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]