返青期休牧对退化高寒草甸植被的影响  

Effect of Rest-grazing in the Greenup Period on Degraded Vegetation in Alpine Meadow

作　　者：马玉寿[1,2] 李世雄[1,2] 王彦龙[1,2] 孙小弟[1,2] 景美玲[1,2] 李松阳[1,2] 李林栖 王晓丽[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院(青海省畜牧兽医科学院),青海西宁810016 [2]省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810003

出　　处：《草地学报》2017年第2期290-295,共6页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：青海省科技支撑计划(2015-SF-129);2015年祁连山生态保护与建设综合治理工程科技示范推广项目(2015-Q-1)资助

摘　　要：该项研究试图通过返青期休牧达到快速恢复退化高寒草甸植被的目的,于2015年5-7月在青海省祁连县默勒镇春季草场上进行返青期休牧试验。通过调查3个休牧样地和3个放牧样地,研究草地主要植被的株高、盖度和地上生物量等植被状况和高原鼠兔有效洞口的数量,从而评估返青期休牧对退化草地植被的影响。结果表明:返青期休牧时,草地的牧草高度、群落盖度和地上总生物量相对于放牧草地分别提高了165%,4%和77%,毒草生长明显受到了抑制,且其生物量下降了50%,高原鼠兔有效洞口数下降了72%。因此,我们认为在高寒草地过牧的关键时期实施返青期休牧可快速恢复退化草地植被,为高寒草地的合理利用提供了有效措施。In the present study,we attempted to achieve the quick recovery of the degraded vegetation in alpine meadow through the method of rest-grazing in the greenup period.During the period of May to July in2015,we conducted the field control experiment of rest-grazing in the greenup period on the spring pasture at the Moeller Town,Qilian County,Qinghai Province.To assess the effect of rest-grazing in the greenup period on the degraded vegetation,we investigated the characteristics of vegetation,such as the height,coverage,and above-ground biomass of primary species,and the holes of plateau pika（Ochotona curzoniae）in three rest-grazing plots and the three corresponding grazing plots.The results revealed that the height,coverage,and above-ground biomass of pasture in the rest-grazing plots improved by 165%,4%and 77% comparing with the grazing plots,respectively.In addition,the growth of poisonous weeds（Oxytropis ochrocephala）was inhibited significantly with the biomass decreasing up to 50%.Simultaneously,the holes of plateau pika（Ochotona curzoniae）significantly decreased by 72%.Therefore,we proposed that the rapid restoration of degraded grassland vegetation could be happened by rest-grazing in the critical greenup period of alpine meadow.Rest-grazing in the greenup period was an effective measure for the rational utilization of alpine meadow.

关 键 词：高寒草甸 返青期休牧 春季休牧 放牧制度 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]