Plant xylem hydraulics:What we understand,current research,and future challenges  

作　　者：Martin D. Venturas John S. Sperry Uwe G. Hacke 

机构地区：[1]Department of Biology,University of Utah,257 S 1400E,Salt Lake City,UT 84112,USA [2]Department of Renewable Resources,University of Alberta,Edmonton,AB T6G 2E3,Canada

出　　处：《Journal of Integrative Plant Biology》2017年第6期356-389,共34页植物学报（英文版）

基　　金：provided by National Science Foundation grant IOS-1450560

摘　　要：Herein we review the current state-of-the-art of plant hydraulics in the context of plant physiology, ecology, and evolution, focusing on current and future research opportunities. We explain the physics of water transport in plants and the limits of this transport system, highlighting the relationships between xylem structure and function. We describe the great variety of techniques existing for evaluating xylem resistance to cavitation. We address several methodological issues and their connec- tion with current debates on conduit refilling and exponentially shaped vulnerability curves. We analyze the trade-offs existing between water transport safety and efficiency. We also stress how little information is available on molecular biology of cavitation and the potential role of aquaporins in conduit refilling. Finally, we draw attention to how plant hydraulic traits can be used for modeling stomatal responses to environmental variables and climate change, including drought mortality.Herein we review the current state-of-the-art of plant hydraulics in the context of plant physiology, ecology, and evolution, focusing on current and future research opportunities. We explain the physics of water transport in plants and the limits of this transport system, highlighting the relationships between xylem structure and function. We describe the great variety of techniques existing for evaluating xylem resistance to cavitation. We address several methodological issues and their connec- tion with current debates on conduit refilling and exponentially shaped vulnerability curves. We analyze the trade-offs existing between water transport safety and efficiency. We also stress how little information is available on molecular biology of cavitation and the potential role of aquaporins in conduit refilling. Finally, we draw attention to how plant hydraulic traits can be used for modeling stomatal responses to environmental variables and climate change, including drought mortality.

关 键 词：William J. Lucas  University of California  Davis  USAReceived Jan. 10 2017 Accepted Mar. 9 2017 Online on Mar. 14 2017 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学] Q944.66