Improving the resolution of seismic traces based on the secondary time-frequency spectrum  

基于时频二次谱的提高地震资料分辨率方法（英文）

作　　者：Wang De-Ying Huang Jian.Ping Kong Xue Li Zhen-Chun Wang Jiao 王德营;黄建平;孔雪;李振春;王姣(中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,山东青岛266580;东方地球物理公司博士后科研工作站,河北涿州072751;山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院,山东青岛266590;中国石油大学胜利学院油气工程学院,山东东营257061)

机构地区：[1]College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China [2]Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station, BGP, CNPC, Zhuozhou 072751, China [3]College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590,China [4]College of Petroleum Engineering Shengli College China University of Petroleum, Dongying 257061. China.

出　　处：《Applied Geophysics》2017年第2期236-246,323,共12页应用地球物理（英文版）

基　　金：financially supported by the National 973 Project(No.2014CB239006);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41104069 and 41274124);the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.R1401005A)

摘　　要：The resolution of seismic data is critical to seismic data processing and the subsequent interpretation of fine structures. In conventional resolution improvement methods, the seismic data is assumed stationary and the noise level not changes with space, whereas the actual situation does not satisfy this assumption, so that results after resolution improvement processing is not up to the expected effect. To solve these problems, we propose a seismic resolution improvement method based on the secondary time-frequency spectrum. First, we propose the secondary time-frequency spectrum based on S transform （ST） and discuss the reflection coefficient sequence and time-dependent wavelet in the secondary time frequency spectrum. Second, using the secondary time frequency spectrum, we design a two- dimensional filter to extract the amplitude spectrum of the time-dependent wavelet. Then, we discuss the improvement of the resolution operator in noisy environments and propose a novel approach for determining the broad frequency range of the resolution operator in the time- fi＇equency-space domain. Finally, we apply the proposed method to synthetic and real data and compare the results of the traditional spectrum-modeling deconvolution and Q compensation method. The results suggest that the proposed method does not need to estimate the Q value and the resolution is not limited by the bandwidth of the source. Thus, the resolution of the seismic data is improved sufficiently based on the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）.提高地震资料的分辨率是地震数据处理流程中的重要环节,对后续的精细构造解释起到重要作用。传统的提高分辨率方法大都假设地震资料是稳态的并且噪声水平不随空间发生变化,而实际情况不满足这一假设,导致提高分辨率处理后的效果达不到预期要求。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于时频二次谱的提高地震资料分辨率方法。首先,文中提出了基于S变换的时频二次谱,并结合模型论述了时变子波和反射系数在时频二次谱中的特征及其可分离性;其次,依据时变子波和反射系数在时频二次谱中的特征差异,构建了二维滤波器在地震记录的时频二次谱中提取时变子波的振幅谱;再次,文中研究了噪声环境中时变提高分辨率算子设计方法,并提出了依据时频谱能量强弱相对关系自适应确定频带拓宽范围的时变提高分辨率算子设计,进行提高分辨率处理;最后,文中对该方法进行了模型和实际数据的试处理,并与传统谱模拟方法和Q补偿方法的处理结果进行了对比分析,对比结果表明:本方法不需要估计Q值,提高分辨率能力不受震源子波频带的限制,在兼顾信噪比的前提下能够充分提高不同时间局部的地震数据的分辨率。

关 键 词：RESOLUTION S transform time-frequency spectrum time-variant wavelet spectrum-modeling deconvolution Q compensation 

分 类 号：P631.44[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]