季铵盐正辛酸离子液体润滑剂的合成及摩擦学性能研究  

Synthesis of quaternary ammonium octanoic acid ionic liquids and study on their tribological properties

作　　者：阮家成 张帅[1] 孙文静[1] 董瑞[1] 凡明锦[1] 

机构地区：[1]宝鸡文理学院化学化工学院陕西省植物化学重点实验室,陕西宝鸡721013 [2]陕西科仪阳光检测技术服务有限公司,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《宝鸡文理学院学报（自然科学版）》2017年第2期23-30,共8页Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51675006);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2016JZ017);陕西省教育厅服务地方专项计划项目(15JF007);固体润滑国家重点实验室开放课题(LSL-1408)

摘　　要：目的合成N_(1444)Oct和N_(444)4Oct季铵盐羧酸离子液体,并对其摩擦学性能进行研究。方法以正辛酸或正辛酸钠和季铵盐为原料,利用酸碱中和反应或离子交换反应,通过萃取、溶剂沉淀、减压蒸馏等纯化方法,制备N_(1444)Oct和N_(444)4Oct两种季铵盐羧酸离子液体。采用核磁共振波谱仪、红外光谱仪、高分辨质谱仪对产物结构进行确认。采用粘度仪、热分析仪对其粘温性能、热稳定性进行测试,通过铜片腐蚀试验、水解稳定性实验测试其对金属基底材料的腐蚀性和水解稳定性。采用微动摩擦磨损试验机、三维轮廓仪、扫描电子显微镜测试它们在不同摩擦副上的摩擦学性能。结果所合成的离子液体作为钢/钢、钢/铜和钢/铝摩擦副的润滑剂,均具有优异的减摩抗磨性能。同时,它们的热稳定性和水解稳定性较好,对金属基底材料的腐蚀性较低。结论这些离子液体合成过程简单,原料廉价易得,易于大规模工业化生产。与传统含氟离子液体相比,它们不含卤素、硫、磷等元素,毒性低,与环境和生物体兼容性好。既可用于工业机械设备的润滑,也可用于医疗器械、食品加工机械的润滑,是一类极具发展前景的新型环境友好润滑剂。Purposes--To synthesize two quaternary ammonium carboxylic acid ionic liquids （ILs）, namely, N1444Oct and N4444Oct, and to evaluate their tribological properties. Methods--N1444Oct and N4444 Oct were synthesized through an ionic exchange reaction or neutralization reaction by using octanoic acid or sodium octanoate and quaternary ammonium salt as raw materials. The products were purified by way of extraction, solvent precipitation and vacuum distillation. The structures of the ILs were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, infrared spectra and high resolution mass spectra. The viscosity-temperature characteristics and thermal stability of the ILs were tested with a viscosity analyzer and a thermal analyzer. Their hydrolytic stability of and corrosion to metal surface were tested by applying hydrolytic stability test and copper corrosion test. The friction and wear prop- erties of the ILs were tested on an oscillating reciprocating friction and wear tester with a ball-on-disc configuration, an optical profiling system and a scanning electron microscope. Results--The results showed that the synthesized ILs have excellent friction reducing and anti-wear properties when they were used as lubricants for steel/steel, steel/copper and steel/aluminum friction pairs. At the same time, their thermal stability and hydrolytic stability were very high and corrosion property is very low. Conclusion--These ILs are cheap and easy to prepare, which is beneficial for large-scale produc- tion. Moreover, they contain no halogen, sulfur, phosphorus and other toxical elements, so they have extremely low toxicity and excellent environment and biology compatibility as compared with traditional halogen containing ILs. As a kind of new environment-friendly lubricants, they can be used not only for industrial machines, but also for medical equipment and foodstuff making machines.

关 键 词：正辛酸 季铵盐 离子液体 润滑剂 摩擦学性能 

分 类 号：TG356.16[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工] TG580.216