伊犁河谷5种土壤管理措施减流减沙效果分析  

Effects of five soil management measures on runoff and sediment reduction in Ili Valley of Xinjiang

作　　者：李晓原[1] 张文太[2] 李建贵[1] 仲亚婷 苏悦[2] 赵婧文[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林业研究所,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆土壤与植物生态过程自治区重点实验室,新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2017年第3期51-57,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目“伊犁河谷水土流失综合治理技术研发与示范”(2014BAC15B03)

摘　　要：伊犁河谷区域水力侵蚀等级中等偏强,分析土壤管理措施的减流减沙效果为土地资源的可持续利用和防治水土流失提供参考。本文采用野外人工模拟降雨试验,研究在10、20和36 mm/h 3种降雨强度条件下裸地、角果藜覆盖、木地肤覆盖、鱼鳞坑、水平沟等5种典型土壤管理措施的产流产沙过程,并分析比较不同土壤管理措施的减流减沙效果。结果表明:不同降雨强度下,裸地初始产流时间最短,水平沟未产流;降雨强度是影响产流产沙的关键因素之一,径流速率和含沙量随降雨强度的增大而增大;减流减沙效果由高到低的顺序为:水平沟>木地肤覆盖>鱼鳞坑>角果藜覆盖>裸地,木地肤覆盖、鱼鳞坑措施减沙效果明显。水平沟、木地肤覆盖措施减流减沙效果较好,可以在该区域防治水土流失中推广应用。[ Background] The grade of water erosion is moderately strong in Ili Valley of Xinjiang. This work aims to explore the effects of different soil management measures on runoff and sediment reduction, and to provide sustainable utilization of land resources and effective measurement of soil and water conservation. [ Methods] Artificial rainfall simulation experiments with 3 rainfall intensities （20 mm/h, 10 mm/h and 36 mm/h） , 5 soil management measures （bare land, Ceratocarpus arenarius L. covered, Kochia prostrate （L.） Schrad. covered, fish scale pit, and horizontal ditch）, and totally 15 times of experiments were conducted to analyze runoff and sediment process in the field. Meanwhile, with Excel 2007 and SPSS 19.0, we analyzed the relationship between sediment concentration and runoff rate, and compared the effects of runoff and sediment reduction under different rainfall intensities. [ Results] The initial runoff time of bare land was so short that suffered rainfall erosion easily, while runoff of horizontal ditch was never measure did not intensity was 10 happened under 3 artificial rainfall simulations. Although C. arenarius L. covered produce runoff under 20 mm/h rainfall intensity, there was runoff when the rainfall mm/h. The reason for this phenomenon was due to higher antecedent soil moisture forthe second rain, i. e. , 10 mm/h rainfall. The runoff rate and sediment concentration increased as rainfall intensity increased for all experiments. By using linear regression analysis in SPSS 19.0, we found that the relationship between the sediment concentrations and the runoff rates under the measures of bare land, C. arenarius L. covered, K. prostrate （L.） Schrad. covered and fish scale pit were all linearly significant. And we did not obtain the data of horizontal ditch because it was never happened runoff under 3 rainfall intensities. However, the sediment concentration decreased with the increase of the runoff rate under K. prostrate （L.） Schrad. covered measure. Sediment and runoff red

关 键 词：土壤管理 降雨强度 径流速率 含沙量 减流减沙 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]