2010年来黄土高原景观生态研究进展  

Advances in landscape ecology in the Loess Plateau since 2010 in China

作　　者：冯舒[1,2] 赵文武[3] 陈利顶[1,2] 吕楠[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]北京师范大学地理科学学部资源学院,北京100875

出　　处：《生态学报》2017年第12期3957-3966,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41390462)

摘　　要：严重的水土流失以及不合理的土地利用加剧了黄土高原土地资源的退化,导致该地区生态环境脆弱、生态系统服务不断下降。针对黄土高原地区存在的问题,我国学者基于景观生态学原理和方法,围绕"景观格局演变-驱动机制-水土流失过程-生态系统服务"的框架开展了大量研究,取得了一系列研究成果。通过梳理和总结2010年以来黄土高原地区景观生态学研究的现状和特点,指出了目前研究中存在的问题和不足,突出表现在区域比较研究、景观格局与生态过程耦合研究、生态服务权衡方法和模型构建等方面比较缺乏。建议未来黄土高原的景观生态学研究应加强区域尺度上的综合研究和不同地区之间的比较研究,深化景观格局演变的形成机理;进一步开展景观格局与过程的定量识别方法学研究,开发格局-过程耦合模型;加强生态系统过程与服务研究,同时开展相应的实证性研究,研发适宜的生态服务权衡模型,进而深入探讨区域生态系统服务的权衡机制。The Loess Plateau plays an important role in the regional economic development in China; however, the serious issues of soil erosion, fragile ecosystem, and unreasonable land use exacerbate the degradation of land resources and decline of ecosystem services. To restore the damaged ecosystem in the Loess Plateau is of high significance in realizing the regional sustainable socio-economic development for improving the human living environment and ensuring national ecological security. In the last decade, Chinese scholars have conducted numerous studies directed towards solving the issues faced by the Loess Plateau using the landscape ecology principles including landscape pattern evolution, driving mechanism, soil erosion process, and ecosystem services. Main achievements were focused on the landscape pattern evolution and ecological environmental effects, coupling of landscape patterns and ecological processes, and tradeoff between vegetation restoration and ecosystem services. In this paper, the characteristics of landscape ecological studies in the Loess Plateau in the recent five years were reviewed, and the associated problems were analyzed. For example, the comparative study from large-scale, integrating landscape patterns and ecological processes, as well as ecosystem service tradeoff methodology are essentially required. The Chinese landscape ecologists would face the following challenges in future. First, the comprehensive studies should be strengthened on the regional-scale and among different regions, and more attention should be paid to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of formation and evolution of landscape patterns. Second, the methods for the quantitative identification of patterns and processes should be explored. Third, it is necessary to strengthen the coupling models of patterns and processes. Last, it is necessary to carry out the studies on ecosystem service and advance the corresponding empirical studies, and to develop the ecosystem service tradeoff model for exploring the tradeoff

关 键 词：黄土高原 景观格局 生态过程 生态恢复 生态系统服务 权衡 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]