硝酸钾铵混晶性质的研究  

Study on Mixed Crystal Properties of Potassium Ammonium Nitrate

作　　者：李建阳[1,2] 袁俊生[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学化工学院,天津300130 [2]河北工业大学海水高效利用化工技术教育部工程研究中心,天津300130 [3]河北工业大学海洋科学与工程学院,天津300130

出　　处：《人工晶体学报》2017年第6期1132-1137,共6页Journal of Synthetic Crystals

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAB09B00);天津市自然科学基金(14JCYBJC20700);河北省科技计划项目(16273602D);福建省海洋高新产业发展专项项目(闽海洋高新[2015]13号);泉州市科技技术项目(2015Z111)

摘　　要：采用恒速冷却法首次制得了不同比例的K_x(NH_4)_(1-x)NO_3(0<x<1)单晶,并分别对得到的固溶体晶体进行XRD、XRSD、SEM、FTIR和TG-DSC表征,获得了相对应的晶胞参数、晶相组成和热物性规律。结果表明,制备的固溶体晶体为不同的两类固溶体晶体硝酸钾铵(0.60<x<1)和硝酸铵钾(0<x<0.51),0.51<x<0.60时处于二者的混合区;硝酸钾铵单晶外貌为六棱柱,硝酸铵钾单晶外貌为细长的类似四棱柱晶体;XRD和红外分析的结果显示固溶体为连续的固溶体;不同主相的晶体晶胞参数差异很大,但晶系保持一致;随着NH_4^+在固溶体中含量降低,热重损失减少,热稳定性增加。本文通过研究硝酸钾铵的晶体结构、组成信息及热物性得到的信息对分离纯化的到高品质的硝酸钾很有指导意义。The single crystals of Kx （ NH4 ）1-xNO3 （0 〈 x 〈 1 ） for different compositions were grown for the first time by a method of constant speed cooling rate and characterized by XRD, XRSD, SEM, FTIR and TG-DSC. The crystal cell parameters, the crystal phase compositions and thermal physical properties were determined. The results show that the single crystals have two different types, that is, ammonium potassium nitrate （ 0. 60 〈 x 〈 1 ） and potassium ammonium nitrate （0 〈 x 〈 0. 51 ）, which those appearance were hexagonal prisms and four prism respectively. In the two mixed area when 0.51 〈 x 〈 0. 60. The XRD and FFIR results show that the crystals are continuous solid solution; the crystal cell parameters of different main phases are very different, but the same as crystal system; with the decrease of concentration of NH4＋ in the solid solutions, the thermal weight loss reduces and the thermal stability increases. The information of crystals structure, compositions and thermal properties of potassium ammonium nitrate have a great significance to the separation and purification of high quality potassium nitrate.

关 键 词：硝酸钾铵 硝酸铵钾 恒速冷却法 混晶 热物性 晶相组成 

分 类 号：O78[理学—晶体学]