2013—2016年兵团第六师环境和职业暴露人群禽流感监测分析  

Surveillance and analysis of avian influenza in environment and among occupational exposed population in The Sixth Division of Xinjinag Production and Construction Corps, 2013—2016

作　　者：郭景霞[1] 李红叶[1] 刘玉霞[1] 李珍[2] 张燕梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团疾病预防控制中心,乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆生产建设兵团第六师疾病预防控制中心,新疆五家渠831300

出　　处：《疾病预防控制通报》2017年第3期19-22,共4页Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)

摘　　要：目的分析新疆生产建设兵团(简称兵团)第六师禽流感病毒的环境分布及职业暴露人群中禽流感病毒感染的情况。方法采用实时荧光反转录PCR方法检测禽流感环境标本的核酸,采用马红细胞血凝抑制试验检测职业暴露人群H5亚型(2013—2016)、H7亚型(2014—2016)和H9亚型(2016)血凝素抗体。结果环境标本中A型流感病毒阳性率为16.94%,其中各亚型阳性率从高到低为H9(13.02%)、H5(1.24%)、H7(0.00),其他亚型阳性率为2.69%;H9阳性率以(当年)9月—次年1月较高,H5只在11—12月检出,3种监测场所中,阳性率从高到低依次为活禽市场(21.63%)、规模养殖场(6.43%)、散养户(4.55%),5种类型标本阳性率从高到低依次为洗禽水标本(21.05%)、案板擦拭标本(19.75%)、粪便标本(16.10%)、禽类饮水标本(14.51%)、鸡笼擦拭标本(12.61%);职业暴露人群H5亚型抗体阳性2份、阳性率为0.22%,2014年检测出2份H5抗体阳性标本,均来自无症状感染者。结论活禽市场和养殖区禽流感病毒污染普遍存在,主要病原为H9、其次为H5。Objective To analyze the distribution of avian influenza virus in environment and the infection of avain influenza virus among occupational exposed population in The Sixth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.Methods The real-time fluorescent RT-PCR was taken to detect environmental samples for nucleic acid of avian influenza virus, and serum specimens of occupational exposed population were detected by erythrocyte hemagglutination inhibition for H5 subtype（2013—2016）, H7 subtype（2014—2016） and H9 subtype（2016） hemagglutinin antibody. Results The positive rate of influenza A virus in environmental samples was 16.94%, including H9（13.02%）, H5（1.24%）, H7（0.00） and other subtypes（2.69%）. The positive rate of H9 was higher from September to the next January, and H5 was only detected in November and December. The positive rates of the three kinds of monitoring sites were as follows（from high to low）： living poultry markets（21.63%）, poultry farms（6.43%）, poultry scattered raising-households（4.55%）, while the positive rates of the five types of specimens as follows（from high to low）： water of cleaning poultry sewage（21.05%）, samples of poultry meat chopping board（19.75%）, fecal（16.10%）, drinking water of poultry（14.51%）, samples of wiping the cage surface（12.61%）. There were two positive serum samples with H5 subtype antibody among occupational exposure populations, with the positive rate of 0.22%, and two positive serum samples with H5 subtype antibody in 2014. However, the two cases were asymptomatic infection. Conclusions The presence of avian influenza virus is widespread in living poultry markets, poultry farm and scattered raising-households, with the main pathogen of H9, then the H5.

关 键 词：禽流感病毒 环境 职业暴露人群 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]