砂姜黑土区不同花生品种对氮磷钾养分吸收、分配和利用的差异  

Differences of peanut genotype on NPK uptake,distribution and utilization on vertisol soil

作　　者：司贤宗[1] 张翔[1] 索炎炎[1] 毛家伟[1] 李亮[1] 李国平[1] 余辉 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]正阳县花生研究所,河南正阳463600

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2017年第3期380-385,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：河南省花生产业技术体系耕作栽培岗位(S2012-05-G02);河南省农业科学院自主创新专项基金;河南省重大科技攻关项目(122101110600);河南省基础与前沿研究计划(162300410146)

摘　　要：采用大田裂区随机区组设计试验,研究了花生不同基因型品种对氮磷钾养分吸收、分配和利用的差异,为豫南花生主产区砂姜黑土上花生高效施肥提供技术支撑。结果表明,施肥能显著增加花生对氮、磷、钾的吸收量,豫花22对氮、磷、钾的吸收量最高,为283.6、32.8、105.9kg/hm^2,远杂6吸收量最小,为274.9、28.4、87.3kg/hm^2;花生吸收的氮主要分配在果仁和叶中,分别占吸收总量的66.7%~71.3%、11.1%~13.3%;磷主要分配在果仁和茎中,分别占总吸磷量的67.4%~75.6%、12.2%~18.3%;钾主要分配在茎和果仁中,分别占吸收总量的41.2%~49.4%、18.3%~26.5%。不同基因型品种对氮、磷、钾在花生叶、茎、根、仁和果壳中分配的比例有明显的差异。远杂9102的氮磷钾的养分利用率最高,为27.7%;其次是豫花22,为25.6%;远杂6最低,为21.6%。在N150kg/hm^2、P_2O_590kg/hm^2、K_2O 150kg/hm^2的施用量下,远杂9102是氮钾利用高效的花生品种,远杂6是磷、钾利用低效型的花生品种,豫花22是磷利用高效、氮利用低效型的花生品种。The differences of peanut varieties on major nutrient element uptake,distribution and utilization were studied by field experiment with split-plot randomized block design,in order to provide technical support on peanut with high-efficiency fertilization on vertisol soil in main peanut area of southern Henan Province. The results showed that fertilization could significantly increase absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in peanut. The uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Yuhua 22 were the highest,at 283. 6kg/hm2,32. 8kg/hm2 and 105. 9kg/hm2 respectively. The absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Yuanza 6 were the lowest,at 274. 9kg/hm2,28. 4kg/hm2 and 87. 3kg/hm2 respectively. Nitrogen were mainly distributed in kernel and leaves of peanut,accounted for 66. 7%-71. 3%,11. 1%-13. 3% of the total nitrogen absorption. Phosphorus were mainly distributed in kernel and stem of peanut,accounted for 67. 4%-75. 6% and 12. 2%-18. 3%of the total phosphorus uptake. Potassium were mainly distributed in stems and kernel of peanut,accounted for41. 2%-49. 4% and 18. 3%-26. 5% of the total potassium absorption respectively. The distribution proportion of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in peanut leaf,stem,root,kernel and peanut shell had obvious difference among different peanut genotypes. NPK use efficiency of Yuanza 9102 was the highest at 27. 7%,that of Yuhua22 was the second at 25. 6%; and that of Yuanza 6 was the lowest at 21. 6%. In our experimental condition,rate of N,P2O5,K2O were applied at 150kg/hm2,90kg/hm2,150kg/hm2 respectively. Yuanza 9102 was a variety with high utilization efficiency of nitrogen and potassium. Yuanza 6 was a variety with low utilization efficiency of phosphorus and potassium. Yuhua 22 was a variety with high efficiency of phosphorus and low nitrogen efficiency.

关 键 词：砂姜黑土区 花生 品种 吸收 分配 利用 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] S156.2