美国农场安全网建设经验及启示  

The Experience and Enlightenment of U.S. Farm Safety Net Construction

作　　者：吕亚荣[1] 孙彤[1] 熊欢[1] 曾雅婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100082

出　　处：《经济纵横》2017年第7期123-128,共6页Economic Review Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"农村土地‘三权分置’的农业经营体制创新研究"(编号:15BJY084);农业部财务司专项"美国农业法案研究"的成果

摘　　要：农场安全网是美国农业安全网体系的一部分,旨在促进农场的经济产出和农民的收入提升,主要包括农产品商品计划和谷物保险计划两部分内容。通过对美国农场安全网体系建设内容重点及面临新问题的分析,可对构建我国农产品供给和农民收入保障体系提供一定借鉴。目前,该政策实施中的新问题主要在于农场在商品计划中是选择价格损失保险计划还是农业风险保险计划,在谷物保险计划中以县域产量或收入为基准计算保险补偿时存在基准数据缺失问题,是否取消农业安全网等。借鉴美国农场安全网建设经验,我国应推进直补政策向保险政策的适度转变,加快构建直补、保险、信贷有机结合的公共财政支持体系。The farm safety net is part of U. S. agricultural safety net system, which includes Commodity Pro- grams and Crop Insurance Programs and aims to boost the farm output and farmer income. Through the analy- sis of the content of U.S. farm safety net construction and new problems, some references that useful to con- struct the system of China＇s agricultural products supply and farmer income security could be provided. At present, there are two new problems in the implementation of 2014 Farm Act in the United States. One is that whether the farm is to choose the Price Loss Coverage or the Agricultural Risk Coverage in the Commodity Pro- grams in the future. The other is that the base data of county yield or income to calculate the insurance indem- nity is missing in Crop Insurance Programs. Learning from the U. S. safety net construction, China should pro- pel the transition from direct payment to insurance policies and accelerate the establishment of public financial support system with a combination of direct subsidies, insurance and credit.

关 键 词：农场安全网 农产品商品计划 谷物保险计划 

分 类 号：F371.2[经济管理—产业经济]