环境管理体系认证的出口贸易效应——基于包含多边阻力项引力模型的实证研究  

Effects of ISO 14001 Certification on Export Trade-Empirical Analysis of Gravity Model with Multilateral Resistance Terms

作　　者：陈艳莹[1] 平靓 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学管理与经济学部

出　　处：《世界经济研究》2017年第7期99-109,121,共12页World Economy Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"双边集体声誉约束下的认证产业绩效提升机制研究"(项目编号:71373033);辽宁省社会科学基金项目"面向辽宁制造业的研发服务业集聚发展模式与政策研究"(项目编号:L12DJY045)的资助

摘　　要：文章从出口国、进口国以及二者的联合作用三个方面,系统分析了环境管理体系认证在全球的快速扩散对一国出口贸易的各种影响机制,并运用包括多边阻力项和工具变量的引力模型,基于全球128个国家2000~2012年的宏观数据进行了全样本和按国家收入水平进行分组的实证检验。结果表明,环境管理体系认证在出口国的扩散会通过竞争力效应促进一国出口,但这一效应只存在于中低收入国家,高收入国家认证扩散率的提高对其出口没有影响;认证没有形成绿色贸易壁垒,进口国认证扩散率提高引致的促进出口的信息效应总体上要大于抑制出口的合规成本效应;进口国和出口国认证扩散率的同时上升只在中低收入国家间具有显著的促进出口的共同语言效应,其他情况下都会抑制出口贸易。上述结论反映出,当前环境管理体系认证作用于出口贸易的内在机制并不是因为认证改变了不同国家企业生产的相对环境成本,而是源于认证的信号显示功能对国际贸易中交易成本的节约。各国政府特别是中低收入国家政府需要在鼓励企业进行认证的同时,加强对认证机构的资质审核,强化标准的实施监控。This paper explores the various mechanisms through which the rapid development of ISO14001 acts on international trade from three perspectives-the diffusion of ISO14001 in exporting country,importing country and the combination of both. We present a panel data of 128 countries from 2000 ~ 2012 and then employ an augmented gravity model with instrumental variable and multilateral resistance terms,empirically investigate the mechanisms above using full sample and sub-samples which are grouped according to national income levels. The empirical results support the competitive effect captured by exporting country's diffusion of ISO14001,though we only find this effect in low-income countries. In addition,ISO14001 can't represent a green trade barrier due to compliance cost effect. The negative compliance cost effect,which is embedded in importing country' s diffusion of ISO14001,seems to be less empirically robust as compared to the positive information effect. At last,the results show strong support for the common-language effect in trade between low-income countries. High levels of ISO14001 adoption in both the exporting and importing nations spur increased country-pair trade,however,this effect is negative under other circumstances. Taken the results together,we find that the diffusion of ISO14001 can lead to augmented exports,because of the certification-signaling effect which reduce the transaction cost rather than the competitive effect. Governments,especially those in low-income countries,should encourage enterprises to apply for the certification and strengthen the qualification of the certification body and certification process.

关 键 词：环境管理体系认证 出口贸易 引力模型 竞争力效应 共同语言效应 

分 类 号：F746.12[经济管理—国际贸易]