无法呼吸的痛:雾霾对个体生产率的影响——来自中国职业足球运动员的微观证据  

The Pain That People Cannot Breathe:Effects of Air Pollution on Individual Productivity-Micro Evidence from Chinese Professional Soccer Players

作　　者：魏下海[1] 林涛[2] 张宁[3] 刘鸿优 

机构地区：[1]华侨大学经济发展与改革研究院,福建厦门361021 [2]南开大学经济学院,天津370001 [3]暨南大学经济学院,广东广州510632 [4]华南师范大学体育科学学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《财经研究》2017年第7期4-19,共16页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(2016A030310256);广东省自然科学基金项目(2015A030313386)

摘　　要：文章基于雾霾对人们生理健康和反应能力等方面产生不利影响从而导致个体生产率降低的理论假设,根据中国足球超级联赛2014年5月17日到2016年7月9日522场比赛的首发球员面板数据,利用距离赛场最近的空气实时监测点获得空气污染指标,采用球员在比赛过程传球次数刻画个体生产率(表现力),考察空气污染的生产率效应。研究发现:(1)空气污染会显著降低球员的传球次数,AQI每上升1%,球员传球次数会下降0.021%;PM 2.5浓度每上升1%,传球次数下降0.016%;PM10浓度每上升1%,传球次数下降0.013%。(2)空气污染的不利影响在客场比赛会被放大,在主场则不显著;高超技能可以一定程度上弱化空气污染的负向影响,球技更好的外援受空气污染影响甚微,但本土球员的负向效应很大;在不同位置(后卫、前卫、前锋),空气污染效应有所不同。(3)由于赛程是提前确定且不受球队所左右,不存在球员因空气状况主动规避比赛,因而球员暴露在任何空气状况下进行比赛具有外生性,研究结论稳健可靠。文章不仅丰富了国内关于雾霾对生产率影响的文献,而且还为呼吁社会如政府加大治霾行动提供确凿的经验证据。Smog has shown negative effect on human physiological health and reaction ability,thereby leading to the reduction in individual productivity.By using panel data of professional soccer players in Chinese Super League matches from May 17,2014 to July 9,2016,this paper obtains air pollution indicators from the nearest air real-time monitoring points,uses the number of passes through the games to describe individual productivity,and investigates the productivity effect of air pollution on individuals＇ productivity.It arrives at the following conclusions：firstly,air pollution significantly decreases the number of passes;in particular,an increase in air quality index（AQI）by 1%leads to a reduction in the number of passes by 0.021%,and an increase in PM2.5and PM10 concentration by1%leads to a decline in the number of passes by 0.016 % and 0.013% respectively;secondly,the negative effect of air pollution is stronger when players are playing away,yet not significant in home games;and the negative effects of air pollution can weaken to some extend by high-level soccer skills,that is to say,foreign players with better soccer skills are rarely affected by air pollution,while for domestic players,the negative effects are magnified;air pollution has different effects on positions（defender,midfielder,forward）;thirdly,because match schedules are determined ahead and are independent of the teams,there is no player who actively avoids the game due to air conditions,and players who are exposed to air pollution are thus considered as exogenous.Therefore the conclusions above are robust and reliable.This paper not only enriches the domestic literature on the effect of smog on productivity,but also provides a solid empirical basis for calling on the society like governments to increase haze operations.

关 键 词：空气污染 生产率 职业足球运动员 户外劳动者 

分 类 号：F429.9[经济管理—产业经济]