抗战时期军令部作战指导业务初探  

A Preliminary Study of Operational Guidance of the General Staff Headquarters during China's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

作　　者：叶铭[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学社会发展学院

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2017年第2期28-46,共19页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

摘　　要：抗战时期的军令部最重要的职掌是战时的作战指导,作战指导及实施是将抽象的战略思想转化为具体的行动。军事学上的作战指导有广义与狭义两种,广义的作战指导是军事战略思想的转化,狭义的作战指导则是野战战略的转化。军令部需要贯彻持久消耗的军事战略,同时在会战(野战)的作战指导中将野战战略转化为作战计划并督促实施。然而,战时国民党军尽管确立了持久抗战的战略,但在实施过程中却存在各种各样的问题,以至于正面战场历次会战均未能占据主动,广为诟病,1944年的"豫湘桂"会战更是失地千里、损失惨重。因此,梳理军令部的作战指导业务,了解其具体流程,并通过个案分析作战指导存在的问题,利于深入研究战时中国军事,明晰战时作战指导环节,也可以对战时正面战场军事指挥做出相对准确的评价。The most important duty of the General Staff Headquarters was operational guidance during the War. Operational guidance and implementation were to make abstract strategic thoughts into specific actions. Militarily the operational guidance has two kinds: broad sense and narrow sense. Broad sense operational guidance points to the transformation of military strategy thoughts,and narrow sense operational guidance points to the transformation of field strategy. The General Staff Headquarters needed to carry out the military strategy of protracted war of attrition,and at the same time it needed to transform field strategy into operational plans and supervised the implementation in field operations. However,thought the Kuomintang army established protracted war strategy,they faced various difficulties in the implementation process. As a result they could not take initiatives in every field operations in the center stage battlefield and widely criticized by people.In the Battle of Henan-Hunan-Guangxi the Kuomintang army lost thousands miles of lands and got heavy loss. This article will explore the operational guidance of the General Staff Headquarters,realize their specific process and analyze problems of the operational guidance through individual cases. These will help us to deeply study China's military during the War,understand every lines of the operational guidance,and make relatively accurate evaluations to the military commands in the center stage battlefield.

关 键 词：抗战 军令部 作战指导 战略 “豫湘桂”会战 

分 类 号：E296.93[军事—军事理论]