井干式木结构墙体产品物化环境影响评价  

Assessment of embodied environmental impact on log wooden wall member

作　　者：胡家航 姬晓迪 李凤龙[1] 郭明辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生物质材料与技术教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2017年第6期116-122,共7页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金："十二五"国家科技计划支撑课题(2015BAD14B0501)

摘　　要：基于生命周期评价法,根据工厂搜集的基础数据清单,采用Ga Bi6.0软件分析了1 m3井干式木结构墙体产品物化过程(从原材料开采到产品出厂的生命周期)的原材料消耗、能源消耗和环境负荷,并利用软件提供的CML2001评价方法和数据库评价了墙体产品生命周期范围内造成的环境影响。结果表明:1)生产1 m^3墙体产品,全球变暖潜值、人体毒性、环境酸化、富营养化、光化学臭氧生成潜力和非生物资源耗竭的加权后结果(绝对值)依次为3.50×10^(-9)、2.11×10^(-9)、1.38×10^(-10)、1.38×10^(-10)、2.33×10^(-11)、1.30×10^(-12),其中全球变暖潜值和人体毒性是墙体产品环境影响的主要类型,分别占环境影响总值的59.2%和35.7%;2)墙体产品从原材料获取到产品出厂可分为原材料获取、集成材制造、墙体制造和油漆与包装这4个阶段,4个阶段的环境影响结果(绝对值)分别为2.40×10^(-9)、7.32×10^(-10)、4.25×10^(-10)、7.20×10-11,原材料获取阶段为环境影响的主要阶段;3)除去原材料获取阶段木材固定大量CO2对环境的积极影响,在环境污染方面,人体毒性占总环境影响的35.7%,占污染的绝大部分,人体毒性主要由原材料获取、集成材制造和墙体制造这3个阶段贡献,且主要由这3个阶段的木材加工粉尘和电能使用造成。Life cycle assessment（ LCA） based on the cradle-to-gate inventories from factory was used to examine the raw material, energy consumption and environment load of embodied process on the functional unit of 1 m3 wall product. Moreover,CML-2001 method and database provided by Ga Bi were used to evaluate environment impact of wall product in the life circle scope. The results were as follows：1） six impact categories had been assessed in detail in the LCA study： global warming potential（ GWP）,human toxic potential（ HTP）,acidification（ AP）,eutrophication（ EP）,photochemical ozone creation potential（ POCP）,abiotic depletion（ ADP） and the absolute values were 3. 50 × 10^-9,2. 11 × 10^-9,1. 38 × 10^-10,1. 38 × 10^-10,2. 33 × 10^-11,1. 30 × 10^-12,respectively. GWP and HTP were mainly responsible for the preparation of wall product,accounted for 59. 2% and 35. 7% of total environmental impacts,respectively. 2） To carry out this analysis,a wood factory was assessed in detail and the process was divided into four stages： the raw material obtaining stage,the glued laminated timber preparation stage,the wood wall preparation stage,the painting and packing stage and the absolute values of each stage were 2. 40 × 10^-9,7. 32 × 10^-10,4. 25 × 10^-10,7. 20 × 10^-11,respectively. Raw material obtaining stage was the main stage of environment impacting. 3） Excluding the positive impact ofthe photosynthesis,HTP was mainly responsible for the environmental deterioration and accounted for35. 7% of total environmental impact. Raw material obtaining,glulam preparation and wall preparation caused the most of HTP. The detailed analysis of each stage identified the most important environmental hot spots of HTP： the wood dust and electricity usage.

关 键 词：井干式木结构墙体产品 物化 生命周期评价 环境影响 

分 类 号：TU366.2[建筑科学—结构工程] X828[环境科学与工程—环境工程]