清代四川民间信仰的区域差异  

The Regional Discrepancies of Folk Beliefs of Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：林移刚[1] LIN Yi-gang(Department of Sociology, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing 400031, China)

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学社会学系,重庆400031

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第4期145-155,共11页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"清代巴蜀移民社会研究"(13XZS031);重庆市社会科学规划项目"清代四川民间信仰及其现实价值研究"(2014BS061);四川外国语大学重大招标项目"基于统筹城乡改革视角的重庆城市化进程中农村文化传承的实证研究"(sisuzd201204)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：清代四川并不存在明显的祭祀圈和信仰圈。作为四川"地方性"文化的主导因子之一,民间信仰与综合文化的分区基本一致。清代四川民间信仰可分为川西平原民间信仰区、川东北民间信仰区及川南民间信仰区等三个大区。川西民间信仰区自然崇拜遗留较多,与农业相关的神灵崇拜及民间信仰较为兴盛,民间信仰的娱乐化特征非常明显;川东北民间信仰区自然崇拜等信仰遗存较多,质朴而有古韵,与农业相关的神灵崇祀虔诚而质朴,尚巫传统突出,鬼巫信仰兴盛,各亚区存在较大差异;川南民间信仰区古老信仰保留最多,最为古朴,特色民间信仰较多,受少数民族影响更为明显,民间信仰更加古朴和原始。清代四川民间信仰的地域差异是四川自然环境和人文环境差异的一种适应性结果。In the Qing dynasty, no distinct sacrifice sphere or belief sphere exists. As a major component and one of dominant factor of ＂local＂ culture of Sichuan, the division of folk beliefs basically consists with that of comprehensive culture. This paper divides the folk beliefs of Si- chuan in the Qing dynasty into three areas, namely, the area for folk beliefs of West Sichuan Plain, area for folk beliefs of Northeast Sichuan and that of the Southern Sichuan. In the area for folk beliefs of West Sichuan Plain, much worship of nature are remained, the worship and folk beliefs of deities and sprits relating to agriculture are popular and of strong recreational nature. While in the area for folk beliefs of Northeast Sichuan, lots of simple yet old remains of worship of nature are left, while the worship of and sacrifice for the deities and sprits relating to agricul- ture are pious yet simple. In this area, the tradition of valuing sorcery is outstanding, the belief of ghost and sorcery enjoys great popularity, and great discrepancies are existed among the sub- areas. In the area for folk beliefs of Southern Sichuan area, most old beliefs are remained, and there are lots of unique folk beliefs. Influenced by the majorities in a more serious fashion, the folk beliefs in this area are more simple and primitive.

关 键 词：民间信仰 清代 四川 区域差异 

分 类 号：B933[哲学宗教—宗教学] K249[历史地理—历史学]