基于系统动力学的稻田塘堰系统水转化模拟及验证  

Simulation and verification of water transformation of rice paddy and pond system based on system dynamics

作　　者：胡能杰 邵东国[1] 陈述[1] 乐志华[1] 农翕智 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第12期130-135,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(51439006);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51379150);"十三五"国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0400101)

摘　　要：为了描述稻田塘堰系统水转化过程,以水量平衡原理为基础,建立稻田塘堰系统水转化系统动力学模型。利用漳河灌区三干渠中游区域尺度塘堰日水位观测资料对模型进行检验,模拟结果的复相关系数、Nash-Sutcliffe系数和均方根误差分别为0.90、0.79和0.155 m/d。在浅水灌溉模式下,对研究区域内塘堰调蓄方式进行动态模拟,结果表明,塘堰在完全调蓄时可以保障作物充分灌溉,在部分调蓄与不调蓄时作物分别在第72天和45天发生水分胁迫,塘堰灌溉对保证作物正常生长天数具有显著效果。当塘堰完全调蓄时,在浅水灌溉、湿润灌溉及间歇灌溉模式下,塘堰最低蓄水量占最大蓄水量的比例分别为2.0%、18.9%和41.3%,塘堰的有效水利用率分别为84.7%、80.9%和67.7%。研究可为稻田塘堰系统合理利用雨水资源、灌溉管理提供理论依据。Ponds are widely distributed in Southern China. Considering the regulatory role of pond, Vensim software was used to build a system dynamic model to simulate water transformation in paddy and pond system, based on the system dynamic approach and water balance method. It was assumed that runoff from each land unit directly fed into drainage canal without flowing through other fields. The physical processes, such as irrigation, evapotranspiration, deep percolation, inflow and outflow of pond, were calculated in the model. In addition, various scenarios could be set to research the variation of the system with control factors. The proposed model was applied to simulate water transformation during the growing period of rice in Zhanghe irrigation district to examine its feasibility. The study area features a subtropical continental climate with an average annual precipitation of 947 mm, 85% of which occurs between April and October. There are 145 ponds with the storage capacity of 155 283 cubic meters, which are important for ensuring an adequate water supply for crops. In the simulation, all the ponds were integrated as a large pond. And water storage was obtained from the relation curve between water level and storage. The results showed a good agreement between the observed and simulated daily water level of pond： coefficient of determination of 0.90, coefficient of efficiency of 0.79 and root-mean-square error of 0.155 m/day. To estimate the significance of pond irrigation system for agriculture irrigation, 3 different pond operation modes were set and simulated： 1） pond supply with total operation, 2） pond supply with partial operation, and 3） pond closed irrigation system. The result showsed that pond operation could ensure full irrigation of rice, and water stress occurred for 72 days under partial operation, closing pond irrigation system was bad for the growth of rice. Therefore, the pond irrigation system had a significant effect on ensuring the normal growth of crop. Additionally, water transforma

关 键 词：水位 水管理 系统科学 塘堰灌溉系统 系统动力学 水量平衡 模拟 

分 类 号：P333.1[天文地球—水文科学] N941.3[水利工程—水文学及水资源]