流溪河底栖动物群落结构及基于完整性指数的健康评价  

Macroinvertebrate community structure and IBI-based health assessment of Liuxi River

作　　者：林罗敏 官昭瑛[2] 郑训皓 林叔忠[3] 王质军 陈刚[4] 韦桂峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学生态学系热带亚热带水生态工程教育部工程研究中心,广州510632 [2]深圳技师学院应用生物系,广东深圳518116 [3]广东省水文局,广州510150 [4]广东省水文局广州水文分局,广州510150

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第7期2077-2084,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：广东省水利科技创新项目(2016-08)资助

摘　　要：2015年2月、6月、9月、12月对流溪河21个采样河段底栖无脊椎动物进行了调查。结果表明:4个季节共检出54科95属114种,其中昆虫纲81种,占总数71.05%;软体动物门的腹足纲、瓣鳃纲共23种,占总数20.18%;蛭纲、寡毛纲和甲壳纲等10种,占总数的8.77%。根据6个参照点和15个受损点的底栖动物数据,对21个生物指数进行分布范围、判别能力和Pearson相关性分析,确定流溪河底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI)指标体系,该体系由多样性指数、EPT分类单元数、摇蚊百分数、颤蚓百分数、敏感类群分类单元数和耐污类群百分数构成。采用比值法计算各生物指数并对各指数值加和得到B-IBI指数值。评价结果表明:在21个河段中,5个为健康,3个为亚健康,10个健康评价为一般,3个较差;总体来看,流溪河处于一般的健康状态;流溪河上游(桂峰水、石坝河、吕田河)等源头支流处于相对健康状态;干流中下游、牛栏河及其他多处支流水质一般或较差。分析表明:上述方法适用于评价流溪河水质健康,可用该方法进行长期监测评价;人类活动程度对底栖动物群落结构影响较大。Macroinvertebrates were sampled at 21 sites in Liuxi River, Guangdong Province in February, June, September and December of 2015. In total, 114 species from 95 genera and 54 families of macroinvertebrate were identified. There were 81 species in Insecta, accounting for 71.05% of the total species; 23 species in Mollusca （Gastropoda, Lamellibranchia）, accounting for 20.18%; and 10 species of Hirudinea, Oligochaeta and Crustacea, accounting for 8.77%. The spatial distribution range, discrimination, and paired Pearson correlation of 21 candidate metrics were explored over the sampling sites, including 6 reference sites and 15 impaired sites. Six biological metrics were finally selected for the B-IBI index, including Shannon’s diversity index, EPT number of taxa, percentage of Chironomidae taxa, percentage of Tubificidae taxa, the number of sensitive taxa and percentage of tolerance taxa. These six biological metrics were calculated in their relative values based on the disturbance, and B-IBI was the summation of all the six metrics. According to these established ranking criteria, our assessment showed that among 21 sites of Liuxi River, 5 sites were healthy, 3 sites subhealthy, 10 sites fair, and 3 sites unhealthy. Overall, the Liuxi River was fair in health status; the upstream and the branches （including Guifeng River, Shiba River, and Lvtian River） were healthy, the midstream and the downstream, Niulan stream, most of the branches were fair or poor. Our results suggested that the B-IBI was suitable for evaluating the water quality of Liuxi River, and human activities had great impacts on the community structure of macroinvertebrates.

关 键 词：流溪河 河流健康评价 底栖动物 底栖生物完整性指数 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]