薄囊蕨胚胎发育模式——以华北鳞毛蕨为例  

Embryonic Development Mode of Leptosporangiatae——A Case Study of Dryopteris goeringiana

作　　者：莫日根高娃[1] 王欣[1] 贾蕙宁[1] 檀龙云[1] 刘保东[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学黑龙江省普通高等学校植物生物学重点实验室,哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2017年第5期902-908,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31170294)

摘　　要：以鳞毛蕨科的华北鳞毛蕨为材料,在模拟自然条件下人工培养配子体世代,用石蜡切片详细观察记录了胚胎发育全过程,以建立更详细的薄囊蕨胚胎发育模式,为探讨薄囊蕨与其它类群的系统演化关系及生殖生物学提供依据。结果表明:(1)华北鳞毛蕨的胚胎发育垂直于配子体平面和背腹轴,符合俯卧型发育模式,合子第一次分裂平行于颈卵器的长轴方向;胚胎在16细胞时期才能够确定器官发生的原始细胞,且第一叶原基的产生先于第一根原基;海马胚时期第一叶原基和第一根原基突破帽状体形成具有明显维管束结构的第一叶和第一根;胚胎发育过程中有游离核的存在。(2)该文绘制了从合子到第一叶和第一根成熟的发育过程,包括胚胎早期细胞的分裂方式、细胞核及其核仁的特征、器官的发生顺序及其相互关系等14个点线图,总结出薄囊蕨胚胎发育的详细模式;该模式支持Nayar的"根叶学说",并主张薄囊蕨和种子植物的茎在本质上是不同的,二者是平行发展的两个类群。Dryopteris goeringiana was chosen as material.The artificial cultivation of gametophyte generation was taken in simulation natural conditions.With paraffin method,the whole process of embryo development was recorded.The results showed that：（1）the embryo development was perpendicular to the gametophyte plane and the dorsal abdominal axis,which conformed to the prone type.The first division of the zygote was parallel to the long axis of the archegonium.The primitive cell of organ formed in the 16-cell embryo period,and the formation of the first leaf primordium was earlier than the first root primordium.In the hippocampal embryo period,the first leaf primordium and the first root primordium broke through cap-shaped parts,and then formed obvious vascular bundles of the first leaf and the first root,respectively.Free nuclei existed during embryonic development.（2）This paper presented 14 point line graphs that the process from zygote formation to the first leaf and the first root maturity,including the division mode of early embryonic cells,the characteristic of the cell nuclei and nucleoli,organogenesis order and their mutual relations.It was summarized that the embryonic development mode of leptosporangiatae in details,and supported Nayar＇s Phyllorhize Theory.This paper advocated the stems from leptosporangiatae and seed plants were different in essence,and the two groups were parallel development.

关 键 词：薄囊蕨 胚胎发育 器官发生 模式图 

分 类 号：Q944.46[生物学—植物学] Q944.58