有机培肥和减施氮肥对小麦光合特性和氮素吸收及产量的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilization Combined with Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Photosynthetic Characteristics,Nitrogen Uptake and Grain Yield

作　　者：李春喜[1] 张令令[1] 马守臣[2] 邵云[1] 韩蕊[1] 王温澎 李昊烊 崔景明[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007 [2]河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2017年第5期943-951,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金："十三五"国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFD0300203-3);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B14;2013BAD07B07)

摘　　要：以常规单施氮肥处理为对照(CK,270kg·hm-2),设置秸秆还田(J)、秸秆还田+牛粪(JF)、秸秆还田+沼渣(JZ)3种有机培肥措施,耦合N1(较CK减量10%)、N2(较CK减量20%)和N3(较CK减量30%)3个施氮水平,采用田间试验方法,探究有机培肥和减施氮肥对小麦光合特性、氮素吸收及产量的影响。结果表明:(1)与CK相比,有机肥配施氮肥明显促进了小麦生育期分蘖的发生和有效群体数的形成,提高叶绿素含量并维持旗叶较高光合速率水平,促进小麦地上部干物质积累、植株氮素吸收,增加穗粒数和千粒重,并显著提高小麦产量,产量增幅为4.21%~17.80%,并以JFN2(JF+N2)处理组合产量最高(6 853.43kg·hm-2)。(2)同一有机肥培肥处理中,N2(减施氮肥20%)处理效果最好,能显著促进小麦群体形成,提高小麦叶绿素含量、光合速率和产量;JFN2小麦群体数在成熟期分别比JFN1、JFN3增加5.16%、4.31%,JFN2叶绿素含量在花期分别较JFN1、JFN3增加2.29%、2.31%;JFN2处理产量分别比JFN1和JFN3显著增加11.41%和7.56%。(3)同一施氮水平下,成熟期干物质积累量表现为JZN1处理显著大于JFN1和JN1处理,分别增加8.93%和12.01%;花期JF处理氮素积累量在3种施氮水平下均分别显著高于其它2种有机培肥处理;JFN2处理籽粒产量显著高于JZN2和JN2处理,增幅分别为12.17%和6.09%。研究认为,有机肥耦合施氮量可促进小麦分蘖和有效群体数的形成,提高叶绿素含量和光合速率,增加植株干物质和氮素积累,从而增加小麦产量。With control group was conventional single nitrogen fertilizer（CK,270kg·hm^（-2））,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic fertilizer with reducing nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen uptake and grain yield formation of wheat.There were three organic fertilizer treatments and three N application rates in this trial.Organic fertilizer treatments were returning straw to field（J）,returning straw with mushroom residue（JZ）,returning straw with cattle manure（JF）,respectively.N application rates included N1（90%pure nitrogen of CK）,N2（80%pure nitrogen of CK）,N3（70% pure nitrogen of CK）,respectively.The results showed that：（1）compared with CK,organic fertilizer coupled with N application obviously promoted tiller generation and effective panicle number at wheat growth stage,enhanced chlorophyll content and maintained higher level of flag leaf photosynthetic rate,increased dry matter accumulation,nitrogen uptake,grains per spike and 1 000-grains weight at growth stage,and significantly increased wheat grain yield by 4.21%-17.80%,and wheat grain yield under JFN2（JF＋N2）was up to 6 853.43kg·hm-2.（2）The effect of N2（reduced nitrogen fertilizer 20%）was the best in the treatment of the same organic fertilizer,which could significantly promote the formation of wheat population,increase chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate,yield of wheat;Wheat population at maturity under JFN2 treatment was higher than that under JFN1 and JFN3,increased5.16%and 4.31%,respectively;Chlorophyll content of wheat at anthesis under JN2 treatment was higher than that under JN1 and JN3,increased 2.29%and 2.31%,respectively;Yield of treatments of JFN2 was significantly higher than that of JFN1 and JFN3,increased 11.41% and 7.56%,respectively.（3）At the same nitrogen application level,dry matter accumulation of wheat at maturity under JZN1 treatment was significantly higher than that under JZN2 and JN2,increased 8.93% and 12.01%,respectively;Nit

关 键 词：有机培肥 氮肥施用 小麦 光合特性 氮素吸收 产量 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]