超低出生体质量早产儿病因及并发症分析  

Causes of Premature and Complications of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant

作　　者：常淑婷[1] 黄维清[1] 刘新晖[1] 李强[1] 马金霞[1] 高喜容[1] Chang Shuting Huang Weiqing Liu Xinhui Li Qiang Ma Jinxia Gao Xirong(Hunaa Children＇ s Hospital, Hunan Changsha 410007, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省儿童医院,湖南长沙410007

出　　处：《儿科药学杂志》2017年第7期6-8,共3页Journal of Pediatric Pharmacy

摘　　要：目的:分析超低出生体质量早产儿(ELBWI)相关的病因、并发症,以便更好地制定诊疗方案,改善患儿临床结局。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,选取我院NICU 1998年5月至2004年12月收治的ELBWI 32例(A组)和2012年1月至2014年6月收治的ELBWI 79例(B组),对相关早产原因、并发症进行比较分析。结果:B组中母亲行体外受精胚胎移植术(IVF-ET)、不良孕育史的患儿比例高于A组(P<0.05)。B组酸中毒、早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)、动脉导管未闭(PDA)、低血糖、休克、低体温、硬肿症的发生率较A组下降,新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)、支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的发生率较A组升高(P均<0.05)。B组中,胎龄<28周的患儿NRDS、脑室周围白质软化(PVL)、呼吸暂停、BPD、院内感染、酸中毒、新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)的发生率高于胎龄≥28周的患儿(P均<0.05)。结论:ELBWI相关的早产原因和并发症较多,近年来的主要并发症为NRDS、呼吸暂停、BPD等。积极避免早产高危因素,制定正确的诊疗方案,防止严重并发症的发生,是改善ELBWI临床结局的关键。Objective： To analyze the causes of premature and complications of extremely low birth weight infant （ELBWI）, to make better clinical decisions, improve the clinical outcome. Methods： Retrospective analysis was perfomled, thirty-two cases of ELBWI treated in NICU in our hospital from May 1998 to December 2004 were selected as group A. Seventy-nine cases of ELBWI treated in our hospital from January 2012 to June 2014 were selected as group B, the related causes of premature and complications were analyzed and compared. Results： The proportions of mothers undergoing in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer （IVF-ET） , and adverse pregnancy history in the group B were higher than those in group A （P〈0. 05 ）. The incidence rates of acidosis, retinopathy of prematurity （ROP）, patent ductus arteriosus （PDA）, hypoglycemia, shock, hypothermia, scleredema in group B were lower than those in group A （P〈 0. 05）. The incidence rates of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome （ NRDS）, bronchopulmonary dysplasia （BPD） in group B were higher than those in group A （P 〈0.05）. In group B, the incidence rates of NRDS, PVL, BPD, apnea, nosocomial infection, acidosis, NEC in gestational age 〈28 weeks were higher than the gestational age over 28 weeks＇ ELBWI （P 〈0. 05 ）. Conclusion： There are many reasons related to the causes of premature, NRDS, apnea, BPD are the main complications of ELBWI in recent years. It is important to improve the clinical outcome of ELBW1 to avoid the risk factors of premature, establish the correct diagnosis and treatment plan, and prevent the occurrence of severe complications.

关 键 词：超低出生体质量儿 早产 并发症 

分 类 号：R722.6[医药卫生—儿科]