不同土壤环境下落叶松人工林昆虫群落结构及动态的差异  

Variation in Structure and Dynamics of Insect Community in Larch Plantations under Different Soil Conditions

作　　者：顾伟[1,2] 马玲[1] 孙虎[2] 王利东[2] 张子龙[1] Gu Wei Ma Ling Sun Hu Wang Lidong Zhang Zilong(School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 Liangshui Nature Reserve of Northeast Forestry University Yichun 153106)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学凉水自然保护区,伊春153106

出　　处：《林业科学》2017年第5期97-106,共10页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2572014BA06);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(ZD201404)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同土壤条件下落叶松人工林昆虫群落结构及动态的差异,为森林经营管理、生物多样性保护提供理论基础和科学依据。【方法】以小兴安岭凉水自然保护区内封山育林状态下落叶松人工林为研究对象,根据地形土壤条件,选择埋藏潜育暗棕壤-落叶松人工林(A)、厚层埋藏暗棕壤-落叶松人工林(B)、暗棕壤性土-落叶松人工林(C)、典型暗棕壤-落叶松人工林(D)4种生境类型,分别设置3个20 m×20 m的样地,采用扫网法、巴氏罐诱法、震落法、高枝剪标准枝法对样地内昆虫群落进行系统的调查。【结果】共捕获昆虫样本5 204头,经鉴定分属10目77科250种,各生境均以双翅目和膜翅目为优势类群,但所占比例具有较大差异。各生境昆虫群落科级优势类群季节动态也表现出较大的差异。聚类分析表明4种生境昆虫群落归为2类,A、B生境归为一类,C、D生境归为一类。不同生境间昆虫群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数大小均表现为C生境>A生境>B生境>D生境,丰富度指数大小表现为样地B生境>D生境>A生境>C生境,优势集中性指数大小表现为D生境>B生境>A生境>C生境。时间序列上,B生境和D生境昆虫群落物种多样性指数与均匀度指数及丰富度指数均呈显著的正相关,但前者相关系数均显著大于后者。各生境昆虫群落中不同营养类群物种数均表现为植食性类群>中性类群>捕食性类群>寄生性类群,但各生境中不同营养类群物种数所占比例具有明显差异。各生境昆虫群落相对稳定性为B生境>C生境>D生境>A生境。主分量分析表明对昆虫群落变化起着主导作用的因子在各生境中具有较大差异。【结论】不同土壤条件下落叶松人工林各昆虫群落结构动态具有较大差异,昆虫群落物种多样性指数与丰富度指数正相关系数越大,群落稳定性越强,同时中性昆虫对昆虫群落相对稳定性起到显�[ Objective ] This study aimed to investigate the variation in insect community structure and dynamics in larch plantations under different soil conditions, so as to provide fundamental basis for the forest management and biodiversity conservation. [ Method ] This experiment was conducted at Liangshui Nature Reserve, in Xiaoxing＇ anling Mountains, China. The 60-year-old larch plantation, which was in the condition of close hillsides, was used for this. According to the terrain soil conditions 4 habitats were chosen in the forest, and the 4 habitats are buried-gley dark brown soil-larch plantation forest（ A）, thick buried dark brown soil-larch plantation forest（ B）, dark brown loam soil-larch plantation forest （C） , typical dark brown soil-larch plantation forest （ D）. Three 20 m x 20 m plots were established in each habitat. Insect community was investigated by sweeping net method, the tin pot trap method, shaking-off method and high branch cutting standard branch method. [ Result] A total of 5 204 insects were collected, belonging to 250 species, 77 families, and 10 orders. Diptera and Hymenoptera were the dominant taxa in each habitat, but the proportion had great difference. There was great difference in seasonal dynamics of the dominant family of insect communities over the four habitats.Cluster analysis showed that insect communities of the 4 habitats were classified into two categories, habitat A and habitat B were classified into one category, habitat C and habitat D were classified into the other category. Species diversity index and evenness index of insect communities in different habitats showed C 〉 A 〉 B 〉 D, richness index showed B 〉 D 〉 A 〉 C, dominant index showed D 〉 B 〉 A 〉 C. In time series, the species diversity index of the B habitat and the D habitat was significantly positively correlated with the evenness index and richness index, but the former correlation coefficient was significantly higher than that of the latter. In all habitats, species number order

关 键 词：昆虫群落 稳定性分析 主分量分析 落叶松人工林 凉水自然保护区 

分 类 号：S718.7[农业科学—林学]