黄淮主推小麦品种主要农艺性状配合力及遗传效应分析  

Combining Ability and Genetic Effect Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits of Cultivars in Huanghuai Wheat Region

作　　者：邹少奎 殷贵鸿 唐建卫 王俊生[2] 韩玉林 李顺成 李楠楠 ZOU Shaokui YIN Guihong TANG Jianwei WANG Junsheng HAN Yulin LI Shuncheng LI Nannan(Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Wheat Germplasm Improvement Engineering Research Center of Henan Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor of Henan Province,Zhoukou, Henan 466001 ,China Zhoukou Normal University,Zhoukou, Henan 466001 ,China)

机构地区：[1]周口市农业科学院/河南省小麦种质改良工程技术研究中心/河南省作物分子育种与生物反应器重点实验室,河南周口466001 [2]周口师范学院,河南周口466001

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2017年第6期730-738,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(151100110400);河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(20130199-ny)

摘　　要：为明确黄淮麦区主要推广小麦品种的主要农艺性状遗传规律,通过不完全双列杂交试验研究了济麦22、周麦22、矮抗58、西农979等8个小麦新品种9个主要农艺性状(株高、有效穗数、单株生物学产量、穗长、有效小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、单穗重、单株粒重)的遗传力和配合力。结果表明,矮抗58、西农979和郑麦366株高的一般配合力较低,济麦22和矮抗58有效穗数的一般配合力较高,烟农19和郑麦366穗粒数的一般配合力较高,周麦22和济麦22千粒重的一般配合力较高,周麦22和烟农19的单株粒重、单株生物学产量和单穗重的一般配合力较高,新麦26和周麦22主茎穗长的一般配合力较高。周麦22/烟农19、济麦22/西农979、济麦22/郑麦366、矮抗58/烟农19四个组合的9个主要农艺性状的特殊配合力效应值均为正向效应。9个主要农艺性状的狭义遗传力差别较大,变化范围为2.83%~97.39%,其中,株高的狭义遗传力最高,达97.39%,其次为主茎穗长(72.07%)、千粒重(40.64%),这三者在杂交育种时以低世代选择效果较好;株高和单株生物学产量受加性效应(24.4、6.8)和显性效应(6.1、14.67)共同作用,株高以加性效应为主,单株生物学产量以显性效应为主;有效小穗数、千粒重和主茎穗长受加性效应(0.22、3.09、0.27)控制,穗粒数和单株粒重受显性效应(8.88、6.29)控制。To dissect the hereditary ability for main agronomic traits of cultivars in Huanghuai wheat region,eight varieties,such as Zhoumai 22,Jimai 22,Aikang 58,Xinong 979,Xinmai 26,Zhengmai 366,Yannong 19 and Han 6172,were employed to evaluate the general and specific combining ability in diallel crossing system.The results indicated that tested parents behaved variously for different agronomic traits.For example,Aikang 58,Xinong 979 and Zhengmai 366 with low general combining ability were beneficial to lower plant height of hybrids;the combining ability of Jimai 22 and Aikang 58 was higher so as to increase the spike number of hybrids;Yannong 19 and Zhengmai 366 with highercombining ability were beneficial to increase kernel per spike;and Zhoumai 22 and Jimai 22 with higher combining ability were good to increase thousand kernel weight.The narrow heritability of agronomic traits varied greatly,with a range of 2.83%to 97.39%.Among them,the narrow heritability of plant height was the highest,up to 97.39%,followed by that of main stem spike length（72.04%）,and thousand kernel weight（40.64%）.The three traits were suggested to be selected at low generation in breeding program.Plant height and biological yield per plant were affected by the combination of additive effect（24.4and 6.8,respectively）and dominant effect（6.1and 14.67）.The plant height was mainly controlled by additive effect,while the yield per plant and kernel number were mainly controlled by dominant effect.Additionally,traits of valid spikelets,thousand kernel weight and main stem spike length were controlled by the additive effect（0.22,3.09 and 0.27,respectively）,while kernel per spike and grain weight per plant were controlled by dominant effect（8.88 and 6.29）.

关 键 词：普通小麦 黄淮麦区主推品种 配合力 遗传效应 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330