南方红壤区油茶林土壤肥力质量指标及评价  

Soil Fertility Quality Indicators and Evaluation of the Soil of Camellia oleifera in Southern China Red Regions

作　　者：刘洁[1] 李茗 吴立潮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林学院教育部经济林培育与保护重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [2]广西壮族自治区国有三门江林场,广西柳州545006

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2017年第4期73-80,共8页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家公益性行业(林业)科研专项项目(201404702)

摘　　要：以南方红壤区板页岩、砂页岩、第四纪红土母质发育的油茶林土壤为对象,测定其28个土壤指标,通过主成分分析筛选油茶林土壤肥力质量评价指标,并进行土壤肥力质量评价,为油茶林养分管理和高效栽培提供依据。结果表明:1)研究区土壤有机质和中微量元素含量丰富,有效磷缺乏,平均为7.41mg·kg^(-1)。不同母岩发育的油茶林土壤性质差异显著,板页岩发育的油茶林土壤酶活性强,而第四纪红土发育的油茶林土壤养分缺乏,特别是全氮含量不足,平均仅为0.44g·kg^(-1)。2)土壤肥力质量评价的指标体系为黏粒、有机质、有效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效硼、微生物生物量氮、磷酸酶和真菌。3)研究区土壤综合肥力指数(IFI)介于0.26~0.90之间,土壤肥力质量中等的占32.35%,中等以上占38.24%。不同母岩发育的油茶林土壤肥力质量表现为:板页岩(0.727)>砂页岩(0.587)>第四纪红土(0.418),因此在油茶栽培中应优先选择板页岩发育的土壤,而对第四纪红土发育的油茶林土壤应注重提高氮含量,3种母岩发育的油茶林土壤都应及时补充磷肥。Soil samples developed from different parent materials （killas, sand stone, quaternary red clay） were collected from southern China in which red soils are distributed in Camellia oleifera forest,and 28 soil properties were determined to form a minimum data set （MDS） for evaluating soil fertility quality in order to provide the foundation for nutrient management and efficient cultivation. The results were 1） the soils were rich in organic matter,trace elements,and lack of available phosphorus with a mean of 7.41 mg ·kg^-1. It had significant difference in soil properties among different parent materials,the soils from killas were rich in trace elements and with higher enzyme activity, and the soils from quaternary red clay were nutrient deficiency with the average value of 0.44 g·kg^-1 in total nitrogen. 2） The MDS included 9 indicators ： clay content, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, available iron, available boron,microbial biomass nitrogen,phosphatase and fungi. 3） The integrated fertility index （IFI） of the soils was between 0.26 and 0.90,with 32.35% of soils belonged to medium fertility and 38.24% belonged to high fertility. The fertility of the soils derived from different parent materials was in the order of killas （0. 727）〉sand stone （0. 587） 〉 quaternary red clay （0. 418）. Therefore,the soil derived from killas was suitable to cultivate Camellia, and it was important to take measures to increase phosphorus content for soils in southern China and nitrogen content for the soils derived from quaternary red clay.

关 键 词：油茶 综合肥力指数 母岩类型 肥力质量评价指标 南方红壤区 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]