广西野生稻耐冷性鉴定与遗传纯合研究  

Study on Cold Tolerance Identification and Genetic Homozygosity of Wild Rice in Guangxi

作　　者：郭辉[1] 陈灿[1] 张晓丽[1] 秦学毅[1] 冯锐[1] GUO Hui CHEN Can ZHANG Xiao-li QIN Xue-yi FENG Rui(Rice Research Institute/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Nan- ning 530007, Chin)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院水稻研究所/广西水稻遗传改良生物技术重点实验室,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2017年第6期1245-1250,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"药用野生稻对褐飞虱免疫抗性的功能研究与抗性利用"(31560385);广西自然科学基金项目"普通野生稻抗褐飞虱新基因精细定位及比较转录组学分析"(2015GXNSFAA139060);广西科技计划项目"野生稻抗褐飞虱基因的挖掘和利用"(桂科AB16380138);广西科技计划项目"越;老;柬籼型特种水稻种质资源引进与应用"(桂科合15104001-27);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目"广西野生稻优异资源的繁殖更新及高抗体材料的遗传纯合"(桂农科2017JM70)

摘　　要：【目的】筛选耐冷性强的野生稻种质,研究野生稻耐冷性遗传的稳定性,为水稻耐冷性育种和研究提供抗源。【方法】利用人工气候箱对收集的广西野生稻资源进行苗期耐冷性鉴定,在桂北高寒山区自然低温条件下进行宿根期耐冷性评价;选择耐冷性较强的材料通过连续套袋自交或花药培养进行耐冷性遗传纯合研究。【结果】筛选出苗期1级耐冷材料广西普通野生稻20份,广西药用野生稻1份,普通野生稻花培株系92份;宿根期3级耐冷材料广西普通野生稻43份,药用野生稻2份,普通野生稻花培株系5份;耐冷性较强的直立或半直立型种质8份;广西普通野生稻苗期和宿根期耐冷性呈极显著正相关(r=0.26),广西药用野生稻苗期和宿根期耐冷性相关性不显著(r=-0.11);广西普通野生稻在苗期耐冷性与宿根期耐冷性上,平均耐冷等级均表现为匍匐型耐冷性最强,倾斜型次之,半直立型与直立型间无差异且最弱;来自桂北的野生稻苗期耐冷性最强;来自桂南的野生稻宿根期耐冷性表现最强。【结论】鉴定筛选出的材料可用于耐冷育种及抗逆机理研究。筛选出的材料可用于水稻耐冷性研究和育种,同时可以通过套袋自交与花药培养加快获得耐冷性更强的纯合株系。[ Objective] Screening wild rice germplasm resources with strong cold tolerance, and studying their genetic stability would provide resistant sources for rice cold tolerance breeding and research. [ Method] Identification of cold tolerance germplasm at seedling stage was car- ried out to wild rice resources collected from Guangxi in the artificial climate box, and cold tolerance at perennial root stage was evaluated under the circumstances of natural cold at highland cold area lying in the north of Guangxi. We will study genetic purity of cold tolerance germplasms through continuously bagging selfing and anther culture. [ Resuh] 20 common wild rice, 1 medicinal wild rice and 92 common wild rice by flower breeding were found, their cold tolerance reach 1 class at seedling stage ; some germplasm resources showed cold tolerance to 3 class at perennial root stage, which included 43 common wild rice ,2 medicinal wild rice 5 common wild rice by flower breeding; 8 erect type and slighting type germplasm resources showed stronger cold tolerance were found. The study announced at seedling stage and perennialperiod, the average cold tolerance levels of Guangxi common showed creeping type wild rice had the strongest cold tolerant, next was tilt type rice, and the weakest was Semi-erect type and erect type which had no difference between them. [ Conclu- sion]These resources of identified and screened would be used for cold resistant breeding and resistant mechanism research. These materials would be used to carry out in breeding utiliza- tion and cold tolerance to research. Moreover, this research found that through bagging selfing and anther culture can obtain stronger cold tolerance homozygous lines accelerately.

关 键 词：普通野生稻 药用野生稻 耐冷性 遗传纯合 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]