双相水溶液法制备乌拉草纤维  

Extraction of Cellulose Fibers from Carex Meyeriana by Aqueous Biphasic System

作　　者：刘慧[1,2] 赵艳娇[1,2] 杨雪[1,2] 董国虎 降帅 刘丽芳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东华大学纺织学院,上海201620 [2]东华大学纺织面料技术教育部重点实验室,上海201620

出　　处：《东华大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第2期168-174,共7页Journal of Donghua University(Natural Science)

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划资助项目(BE2014883)

摘　　要：采用双相水(聚乙二醇(PEG)-2 000/无机盐)溶液法制备乌拉草纤维.首先对原料进行预氧处理,然后进行双相水溶液处理以脱除余下的非纤维素物质,并用单因子控制变量法对该工艺进行优化,最后对采用最佳处理工艺得到的纤维进行测试与表征.结果表明:双相水溶液处理的最佳工艺条件,即为10%PEG-2 000,2.5%NaOH,1.5%Na2SO3,1.5%Na2CO3,浴比1∶20,处理温度为90℃,处理时间为2h;测试得到纤维的平均长度、线密度、回潮率、结晶度、拉伸断裂强度分别为30mm、2.72tex、10.66%、42%、1.84cN/dtex;乌拉草及其纤维均主要含有纤维素、木质素和半纤维素,处理后纤维素含量显著提高,而木质素和半纤维素含量降低;乌拉草纵向凹凸不平,横向呈波浪状,且波峰部分由孔洞结构组成,波谷部分由实心物质组成;纤维纵向基本平直,单根纤维表面有少量杂质.Aqueous biphasic system（polyethylene glycol-2 000/inorganic salt）was used as processing technology.Firstly,the raw material was pretreated by pre-oxygen,then the pretreated sample was put into aqueous biphasic system solution to remove the residual non-cellulosic components.The single factor method was introduced to obtain optimal process parameters. Finally,the optimal fibers was characterized and tested.The results show that the optimal processing condition is：10% PEG-2 000,2.5% NaOH,1.5% Na2SO3,1.5% Na2CO3,with bath ratio of 1∶20 at 90℃for 2h.The average length,linear density,moisture regain,degree of crystallinity,tensile strength of optimal fibers are 30 mm,2.72 tex,10.66%,42%,and 1.84 cN/dtex,respectively;the raw material and carex meyeriana fibers both mainly contain cellulose,lignin and hemicellulose,while the later has more cellulose and less lignin and hemicellulose.Carex meyeriana has uneven surface and quite different surface morphology on each side.Moreover,there are peaks and troughs along the cross section of carex meyeriana,and some holesin different sizes distribute in peaks.Carex meyeriana fibers are basically straight along the longitudinal direction and there are some impurities remained on the surface of single fiber.

关 键 词：乌拉草 乌拉草纤维 双相水溶液法 聚乙二醇(PEG)-2000 预氧处理 

分 类 号：TS102.2[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]