2014年1月北大西洋上一爆发性气旋个例分析  

Analyses of an Explosive Cyclone over the Northern Atlantic in January,2014

作　　者：井苗苗 傅刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院海洋气象系,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第7期1-9,共9页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41275049)资助~~

摘　　要：利用美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)水平分辨率为1(°)×1(°)的FNL全球格点再分析资料、气象卫星合作研究所(CIMSS)的红外卫星云图资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的海表面温度(SST)资料,对2014年1月3—7日发生在北大西洋上的一爆发性气旋个例进行分析,通过位势涡度(PV)、斜压性指数(BI)、水汽通量等物理量分析了气旋爆发前后的高低空环流形势,并利用多个剖面对气旋内部结构进行了分析。结果表明,高层正的PV大值区在初始阶段已存在于气旋上游,并随着气旋的发展演变为"钩"状;低层的正PV区在初始阶段很弱,爆发前12h最强,与非绝热加热有关,低层的斜压性指数和水汽通量也在爆发前12h最强。当地面气旋中心穿过高空急流轴后,气旋爆发性发展。高空PV和急流动量沿锋面下传,低层暖湿空气向气旋上方输送,相互作用促进气旋发展。Based on 1 （°） × 1 （°） reanalysis data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP）, satellite cloud images from Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies （CIMSS） and sea surface temperature （SST） data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF）, we performed analyses on an explosive extratropical cyclone occurred over the Northern At- lantic during 3-7 January, 2014. Some important physical variables, such as Potential vortieity （PV）, baroclinic index （BI） and vapor flux, have been applied to analyze upper- and low-level circulation situa; tion. The interaction between upper and low levels was examined with the aid of various vertical section analyses. The results show that the cyclone was generated downstream an upper-level preexisting PV a- nomaly, which evolved into the ＂PV hook＂ with time. No significant low-level PV could be identified during the initial phase, which strengthened up to 12 hours earlier the most deepening time, as well as baroclinic index and vapor flux. Especially, diabatic heating was responsible for development of low-lev- el PV. The cyclone reached the most deepening time while its center passed through the axis of upper- level jet. Eventually, the upper-level PV and momentum produced by jet intruded downward along fron- tal surface while warm and moist bulk from low levels was transported upward, causing explosive inten- sification.

关 键 词：爆发性气旋 天气形势分析 位势涡度 斜压性指数 

分 类 号：P458.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]