胶南近海金乌贼生长特性、资源分布及增殖放流效果初步评价  

Preliminary Assessments on Growth Characteristics,Resource Distribution and Sepia esculenta Releasing Effect in Jiaonan Coastal Water

作　　者：牛超[1] 张秀梅[1] 丁鹏伟[1] 单斌斌 

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第7期36-45,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41676153);国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201405010;201305043)资助~~

摘　　要：根据2015年8—10月开展的4次金乌贼跟踪回捕调查,对灵山湾及胶南近海金乌贼的生长、分布、资源密度及增殖放流效果进行了初步评价。研究显示:在金乌贼群体资源生物量密度和尾数密度方面,8月28日平均生物量和尾数最低,10月4日平均尾数密度最高,10月26日平均生物量最高,且灵山岛西南海域的相对资源密度显著高于灵山湾海域,各航次幼乌贼出现频率均为100%;伴随幼乌贼的生长,资源高密度区由灵山湾向灵山岛西南海域的深水区逐步偏移。调查期间幼乌贼生长迅速,胴长(ML)总平均增长率为0.46mm/d,体重(TW)总平均增长率为0.46g/d,胴长-体重关系式为TW=8.0×10^(-4) ML^(2.6642),胴长、体重与日龄均呈S型曲线关系。分子检测结果表明,在随机抽测的4个航次共288只回捕个体中,有14只个体在6个微卫星位点上可找到与其对应的亲本,判定为放流苗种,占随机抽测的回捕个体的比例约4.86%,放流初期金乌贼增殖效果显著。本研究为金乌贼增殖放流提供了基础数据,为放流后金乌贼资源的科学养护、合理开发提供了科学依据,有助于金乌贼增殖放流管理策略的制定。Four monitoring and recapture surveys of the released Sepia esculenta in coastal waters of Jiaonan and Lingshan Bays （Qingdao, China） were conducted from August to October, 2015. An inves- tigation of growth, distribution, relative stock density and an effect evaluation of S. esculenta stock enhancement were carried out. The results showed that the mean biomass density and the mean numeri- cal density were the lowest on August 28th in the four surveys, the highest mean biomass density and the highest mean numerical density were on October 26th and October 4th, respectively. Moreover, the resource density was significant higher in the southwest waters of Lingshan Island than in the Lingshan Bay. The occurrence frequency of S. escuZenta was 100% in the four surveys. The area of high resource density moved out from Lingshan Bay to the cleep waters southwest Lingshan Island with the growing of S. esculenta. The juvenile cuttlefish S. esculenta grew quickly. The average mantle length growth rate was about 0.46 mm/d and the average body weight increase rate was about 0. 46 g/d. The relationship of mantle-length （ML） and body-weight （W） could be expressed as TW= 8. 0×10^-4ML^2.6642. Both the mantle length growth and the body weight increase showed an S pattern. The genetic marker results showed that 14 recaptured S. esculenta were consistent with the bloodstock by using the six microsatel- lite loci, proving that they were released juvenile, accounting for about 4. 86% of the 288 recaptured S. esculenta by random sampling in the four surveys. The enhancement effect was remarkable at the pre- liminary stage of the release. Our study provided a scientific basis for the stock maintenance and rational exploitation of S. esculenta and helped to develop strategies for the corresponding enhancement and re- lease management.

关 键 词：金乌贼 增殖放流 时空分布 生长 分子标记 胶南 资源密度 

分 类 号：S931.5[农业科学—渔业资源]