山东近海陆源耗氧有机物生物可利用性及其降解动力学研究  

A Research for the Bioavailability and Degradation Kinetics of the Oxygen-Consumed Organic Matter from Coastal Sea of Shandong Province

作　　者：马云鹏[1] 戴爱泉 李克强[1] 王修林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,化学化工学院,山东青岛266100 [2]青岛市环境保护科学研究院,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第7期79-88,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-山东省人民政府联合资助海洋科学研究中心项目(U1406403)资助~~

摘　　要：针对因不同陆源耗氧有机物组成和生物可利用性的差异,单一表观降解模式难以满足近海水环境管理中对耗氧有机物浓度准确模拟计算的问题,选择山东省近海典型陆源污染来源,通过实验室受控培养实验,研究不同来源耗氧有机物(以COD表征)的生物可利用性及其降解动力学规律。结果显示,耗氧有机物的降解基本符合准一级动力学规律,即先快后慢最后趋于稳定的降解规律,且不同陆源耗氧有机物降解速率常数及生物可利用性存在显著差异(P<0.01)。其中,纺织印染厂来源耗氧有机物的生物可利用性最大,约为92%,其次为污水处理厂和小清河来源,而虞河和啤酒厂来源最小;啤酒厂来源耗氧有机物降解速率常数最高,约为0.40d^(-1),其次为污水处理厂来源,而小清河、虞河以及印染厂来源最低。根据降解速率常数的不同,可以将不同来源的耗氧有机物分为四类:食品工业源(啤酒厂)生物可利用组分,城镇生活源(污水处理厂)生物可利用组分,河流综合源(小清河、虞河和印染厂)生物可利用组分以及难降解组分。污水处理厂来源耗氧有机物培养实验结果表明,耗氧有机物的降解速率常数随温度的升高及搅拌速率的增强而增大,生物可利用性则随水动力条件的增强而增大。本文研究结果可为提高水环境管理中水质模拟计算准确性提供实验支持。It is difficult to simulate well on the concentration distribution of oxygen-consumed organic matter（characterized by COD）based on a single overall degradation modelwith respect to the bulk organic matterincoastal water, because of the differences in composition and bioavailability of terrigenous COD. Thetypical COD sources in Shandong provincewere chosen to study bioavailability and degradation kinetics of COD by laboratory culture. The results show thatthe degradation of COD basically followed the first order kinetic law which is fast followed slow and tending to be sable finally; andthe degradation rate con- stants and bioavailability of different terrigenous COD exist significant differences（P^0. 01）. The bioavail- ability of COD fromprinting and dyeing mill source is maximum, about 92~, following by wastewater treatment plant and Xiaoqing river sources, whilstthe brewery and Yu river sources are minimum~ thedeg radation rate constantsof COD fromthe brewery source is maximum, about 0. 40 d^-1 following by wastewater treatment plant source, whilstXiaoqing river, Yu river and the printing and dyeing mill sources are minimum. Based on the differences of degradation rate constants, COD from different sources can be divided into four types, food industry source＇s （brewery） COD, domestic pollution source＇s （wastewater treatment plant） COD, river integrated pollution source＇s （Xiaoqing river, Yu river and the printing and dyeing mill） COD and refractory COD. The results of the culture experiment of COD from wastewater treatment plant show that the degradation rate constants of COD increase with rising of temperature and stirringrate, and the bioavailability increases with rising of stirring rate. The results of the study can pro- vide sure, oft for increasin~ accuracy of water quality simulations in water environment management.

关 键 词：降解动力学 生物可利用性 耗氧有机物(COD) 降解速率常数 山东近海 

分 类 号：P734.5[天文地球—海洋化学]