美国警察的军事化及后果  

The Militarization of the United States Police and Its Consequences

作　　者：何兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2017年第4期118-124,共7页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：警察的军事化是指作为执法机构的警察,不断仿效军队思维和军队模式的过程,包括大量使用军用武器和装备:闪光弹、狙击枪、冲锋枪、特警组;用情报机构的方式,收集政治活动和政治人物的信息,以及采用更具有攻击性的风格进行执法等。美国警察军事化始于20世纪50-60年代,"911"后,由于突出保障"国家安全",导致警察基金充沛,权力扩张,"战争思维日炽"。后果:(1)警察滥用枪械和暴力,每年被警察击毙的人数,保持在千人以上。(2)族群对立加剧。黑人被击毙的概率是白人的三倍,大多数是穷人。(3)军事化的警察频繁地被用来应对和平的游行示威,威胁和损害公民权利和媒体报道。美国学者认为,警察军事化是20世纪以来不为公众所警觉,但影响美国最大的侵犯自由的行为。虽然奥巴马总统声言要控制警察军事化倾向,但冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。The Militarization of Police refers to the process of imitating the militarized way of thinking and formula, including extensive use of military weapons and equipment, such as flash bombs, sniper rifles, machine guns; Special Weapons And Tactics teams; collecting information of political activities and politicians through the methods used by intelligence agencies; enforcing the law with a more aggressive style, etc. The militarization of the United States Police began in 1950 s. After 911 incident, police funds became abundant and the power of police was expanded because of emphasizing national security. What＇s more, the mind of war accumulated in police force. There are several consequences of militarization in police. Firstly, the number of citizens killed by police every year reaches more than one thousand, due to the abuse of weapons and force. Secondly, hostility between ethnic groups are aggravated. The chance of blacks being killed by police is three times the chance of whites. Most of the victims are poor people. Thirdly, militarized police forces are frequently used to repress peaceful demonstrations, which will threaten and erode civil rights and media freedom. Scholars in the United States of America hold the view that militarization of police has been the most unnoticeable and influential infringement of freedom since the 20 th century. Barack Obama, the president of the United States, stated that the tendency of police militarization should be controlled, but it is difficult to change the situation which has formed for a long time.

关 键 词：美国 警察 军事化 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.1