中国成人对烟草危害知晓率的现状分析  

The analysis on awareness rate of tobacco hazard among Chinese adults

作　　者：屠梦吴 南奕[1] 王立立[1] 王继江[1] 杨焱[1] 姜垣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心控烟办公室,北京100050

出　　处：《中国慢性病预防与控制》2017年第6期404-408,共5页Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解中国成人对烟草危害的知晓情况,为后续干预措施的实施及相关政策的制定提供依据。方法使用2015年中国成人烟草调查报告数据,收集具有全国代表性的共15 095名调查对象的调查问卷,分别对不同特征人群吸烟导致疾病的知晓率、二手烟导致疾病的知晓率和对低焦油卷烟危害性的知晓率进行分析。用SPSS 22.0和SUDAAN10.0.1统计分析软件,通过置信区间的比较体现显著性。结果中国成人对于中风、心肌梗死、肺癌和勃起功能障碍4种吸烟所导致疾病的知晓率为12.1%(95%CI:10.7%~13.7%);城市居民的知晓率为16.1%(95%CI:14.0%~18.5%),农村居民为7.9%(95%CI:6.5%~9.6%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中国成人对成人心脏病、成人肺癌和儿童肺部疾病3种二手烟所导致疾病的知晓率为36.0%(95%CI:33.5%~38.5%);城市居民的知晓率为44.7%(95%CI:41.6%~47.8%),农村居民为27.0%(95%CI:23.9%~30.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);非吸烟者的知晓率为38.2%(95%CI:35.5%~41.0%),显著高于吸烟者(30.2%,95%CI:27.2%~33.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中国成人对低焦油卷烟危害性的知晓率为24.5%(95%CI:22.2%~27.0%);城市居民的知晓率为30.1%(95%CI:26.8%~33.7%),显著高于农村居民(18.8%,95%CI:16.2%~21.6%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);过去30 d内看见过控烟信息的人的知晓率为28.5%(95%CI:25.8%~31.4%),显著高于没有看见过控烟信息的人(18.4%,95%CI:15.7%~21.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2010年和2015年对烟草危害知晓率的对比结果显示,我国居民对二手烟导致危害的知晓有所提高,对二手烟导致各类疾病的知晓率均上升了10%左右。不同国家之间对比结果显示,我国对吸烟危害的知晓率在国际上处于落后水平。结论中国成人对烟草危害的知晓率较低。建议在烟盒包装上印制图形警示,并针对烟草导致的特定疾病加强全国性的宣传。Objective To understand the awareness condition of tobacco hazard and to provide the basis for enacting the related policy and intervention measures. Methods The data from China adult tobacco survey report in 2015 were used to collect the questionnaires of 15 095 subjects. The awareness rates of diseases caused by smoking, the awareness rates of diseases caused by second-hand smoking and the awareness rates of hazards caused by low-tar cigarettes in populations with different characters were analyzed. SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data（gender, age, residence, education level, smoking status and so on）.Results The awareness rate of four diseases（stroke, myocardial infarction, lung cancer and erectile dysfunction） related to smoking in Chinese adults was 12.1%（95%CI： 10.7%-13.7%）, the awareness rate（16.1%, 95%CI： 14.0%-18.5%） of urban residents was significantly higher than that（7.9%, 95%CI： 6.5%-9.6%） of rural residents（P0.05）. The awareness rate of diseases（adult heart disease, adult lung cancer and child lung disease） related to second-hand smoking in Chinese adults was 36.0%（95%CI：33.5%-38.5%）, the awareness rate（44.7%, 95%CI： 41.6%-47.8%） of urban residents was significantly higher than that（27.0%,95%CI： 23.9%-30.3%） of rural residents（P0.05）; the awareness rate（38.2%, 95%CI： 35.5%-41.0%） of nonsmokers was significantly higher than that（30.2%, 95%CI： 27.2%-33.3%） of smokers（P0.05）. The awareness rate of low tar cigarette hazards in Chinese adults was 24.5%（95%CI： 22.2%-27.0%）, the awareness rate（30.1%, 95%CI： 26.8%-33.7%） of urban residents was significantly higher than that（18.8%, 95%CI： 16.2%-21.6%） of rural residents（P0.05）. The awareness rate（28.5%, 95%CI： 25.8%-31.4%） of adult residents with anti-smoking information in last 30 days was significantly higher than that（18.4%, 95%CI： 15.7%-21. 3 %） of adult residents without anti-smoking information in last 30 days（P0.05）. As compared to

关 键 词：烟草危害 吸烟导致疾病 二手烟导致疾病 知晓率 

分 类 号：R163[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]