北京市成人吸烟及戒烟情况调查  

Investigation of smoking and smoking cessation among adults in Beijing

作　　者：曹远[1] 李玉青[1] 钱运梁[1] 韩梅[1] 万国峰[1] 刘秀荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心健康教育所,北京市预防医学研究中心,北京100020

出　　处：《中国慢性病预防与控制》2017年第6期419-422,共4页Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

基　　金：2014中央补助地方健康素养促进项目

摘　　要：目的了解北京市15岁及以上成人吸烟及戒烟情况,为北京市控烟政策的出台提供基线数据。方法于2014年7-8月,采用多阶段抽样的方法,首先采用按容量比例(PPS)抽样法从全市抽取街道(乡镇),再从每个街道抽取2个监测点。在绘图列表的基础上,每个监测点随机抽取100个家庭户。通过入户调查,采集家庭成员信息,并由掌上电脑从被调查家庭中随机抽取1名15周岁以上成员作为被调查对象。对被调查对象进行一对一询问式的问卷调查,计算吸烟率、戒烟率、现在吸烟率、有戒烟意愿的比例等指标。用SPSS 19.0统计软件的复杂抽样数据分析模块,根据抽样设计及全国第6次人口普查北京市人口资料进行加权,计算率并估算可信区间,率的比较用χ~2检验。结果共获得有效问卷8 484份,北京市15岁以上成人吸烟率为27.5%,其中14.9%的吸烟者已戒烟,65岁以上吸烟者的戒烟率高达51.2%。北京成人现在吸烟率为23.4%,男性为43.2%,女性为2.4%。据此估算,北京市15岁及以上人群现在吸烟者数量为419.2万人,其中男性398.6万人,女性20.6万人。现在吸烟者中,15.8%的人过去12个月中至少有1次戒烟24 h以上,11.6%的人打算在未来12个月内戒烟。乡村居民现在吸烟率高于城市居民,不同年龄组现在吸烟率、戒烟率、尝试24 h戒烟次数及计划12个月内戒烟的比例差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论北京市不同年龄组、城乡成人的吸烟情况、戒烟意愿有所差别,应深入研究不同特征人群的戒烟动机,探索适合不同人群的干预措施。Objective To investigate the situation of smoking and smoking cessation among adults（≥15 years old） in Beijing and to provide the baseline data for new tobacco control policy. Methods During July to August of 2014, the multistage sampling method was used to select the residential districts from city according to the proportional probability sampling（PPS）, then to select2 monitoring points from each residential district and to select 100 households from each monitoring point on the basis of drawing list. Total 100 monitoring points and 10 000 households were selected. Finally, a member（≥15 years old） from each household was selected as the subject. The investigation was performed with the questionnaire. The smoking rate, smoking cessation rate,current smoking rate and the proportion of intention to quit smoking were calculated. The complex data module and χ~2test of SPSS19.0 software were used for analysis. Results The total valid questionnaires were 8 484. The smoking rate among residents（≥15years old） in Beijing was 27.5%, but 14.9% of smokers had quit smoking; the smoking cessation rate of smokers（≥65 years old）was 51.2%. The current smoking rate among residents（≥15 years old） in Beijing was 23.4%（males：43.2% and females： 2.4%）.It was estimated that there were 4 192 000 adult current smokers（3 986 000 male smokers and 206 000 female smokers） in Beijing. Now, 15.8% of current smokers quitted smoking at least one time for ≥24 h in past 12 months, 11.6% of current smokers will quit smoking in the future12 months. The current smoking rate of rural residents was higher than that of urban residents. There were significant differences of current smoking rate, smoking cessation rate, times to quit smoking for ≥24 h and the proportion of smoking cessation in the future12 months among different age groups（P0.05）. Conclusion There are the differences of smoking rates and smoking cessation intention among different age groups and between urban residents and rural resid

关 键 词：吸烟 戒烟 成人 北京 

分 类 号：R163[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]