我国生态保护补偿概念的法学界定——基于历史的分析进路  

The Legal Definition for the Concept of China's Ecological Compensation——Based on Historical Analysis Approach

作　　者：潘佳[1] PAN Jia(Law School, Central University of Finance and Economics ,Beijing 100081 ,China)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第4期46-56,共11页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(12AZD062)

摘　　要：生态保护补偿概念是相关立法的基本前提,也是相关法学研究的逻辑起点。"生态保护补偿"是特定政策实践与理论发展的产物,亟待以科学的认识论为指导,从多元化的静态分析路径转向动态的历史视角。发展至今的"生态保护补偿"一词,在法规政策中的表述或概念研究层面的理解,其彰显的"正外部性"补偿特性已获得广泛的立论支持,且被进一步认为是包含"发展利益受限"等其他各种正外部性行为的补偿。但"发展利益受限"没有被作为"生态保护补偿"的唯一特殊予以重点关怀而仅仅是点到为止。此外,总体而论,当前的概念认知仍停留在"对正外部性行为予以补偿"的传统认识论阶段——这使得所有产生积极环境效益的行为无法被区分。由于当前生态保护补偿的界定已然失之个性,生态保护概念必然无法有效解释并指导制度实践的开展。为此,很有必要基于新的理论基础对生态保护补偿概念予以再界定,旨在揭示其特殊的存在价值。生态保护补偿概念重构的理论基础为"私法层面的自然资源使用权受限与利益弥补"。该定义一方面可以解释生态保护补偿的独特本质,另一方面能够指导我国各类补偿实践的开展。The concept of ecological compensation is the the logical starting point of legal research. This concept basic premise of the relevant legislation,and also , as the product of specific policy practice and theory development in our country,needs to be guided by scientific epistemology, from diversified static research path to dynamic historical analysis. So far, the positive external behavior in ecological compensation, as is expressed in laws and policies and interpreted at the concept level, has won wide theoretical support,and is further considered to include compensation for the ＂limited development benefit＂ and oth- er positive external behaviors. However,the ＂limited development benefit＂ is not regarded as the only focus to receive enough attention. Generally speaking,the present conceptual cognition is still at the stage of traditional epistemology to compensate the positive external behavior,which makes it difficult to distinguish all the behaviors that produce positive environmental benefit. The confusing definition in ecological compensation has led to the failure to interpret this concept and guide practice. Understanding, it is necessary to redefine the concept of ecological compensation and reveal its special existence value based on new theoretical foundation,the restricted right to use natural resources at the level of private law and benefit compensation being the core of it. This definition may illustrate the unique features of ecological compensation on the one hand, and on the other hand it can guide the practice of various compensations in our country.

关 键 词：生态保护补偿 资源使用权限制 私法 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]