芦荟提取物对桔小实蝇产卵驱避活性研究  

Aloe vera L.extracts repel oviposition by the oriental fruit fly(Bactrocera dorsalis)

作　　者：李智伟[1] 刘家莉[1] 熊婷[1] 曾鑫年[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院,广东省昆虫行为调控工程技术研究中心,广州510642

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2017年第3期468-474,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：广东高校国际科技合作创新平台项目(GJHZ1140)

摘　　要：【目的】研究库拉索芦荟Aloe vera L.提取物对桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel的产卵驱避活性,筛选出对桔小实蝇有效的产卵调节剂。【方法】采用甲醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷和石油醚5种溶剂对芦荟植物进行超声波提取,对5种提取物进行产卵驱避活性测定,确定产卵驱避活性较高的提取溶剂。进一步采用非选择性与选择性试验测定其对桔小实蝇产卵驱避活性的剂量效应,并对该提取物的持效期进行测定。【结果】发现5种芦荟取物对桔小实蝇均有一定的产卵驱避活性,而其中驱避活性最高的为丙酮提取物。通过选择性试验与非选择性试验发现丙酮提取物的产卵驱避率随提取物浓度的增加而增加,粗提物含量为10mg/mL时产卵驱避活性最强,分别为68.81%和89.43%。随着时间的增加,丙酮提取物的驱避活性逐渐下降,至第5天时产卵孔数与溶剂对照无显著差异,至第6天时产卵量与溶剂对照无显著差异。【结论】芦荟丙酮提取物对桔小实蝇有较高的产卵驱避活性,在植物源驱避剂方面具有一定开发前景,但持效期较短,可通过剂型改良来提高应用效率。[Objectives] To investigate the extent to which oriental fruit fly oviposition is repelled by Aloe vera L. extracts, and identify the best eluatants for these extracts. [Methods] A. vera volatiles were extracted with methanol, acetone, ethylacetate, dichloromethane and petroleum, and the degree to which these five crude extracts repelled oviposition was compared. The effect of different dosages of the five extracts on oviposition was studied in non-choice and choice tests. The persistence of the repellent effect of each extract was also measured. [Results] The results show that all five crude extracts deterred oviposition but the acetone extract was the most effective. The effect of acetone extract on oviposition was dose dependent, with deterrence increasing with concentration. Oviposition repellence rates were 68.81% （choice test） and 89.43 %（non-choice test） at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. The repellent activity of the acetone extract sprayed on guava fruit decreased gradually over time. There was no significant difference in the number of oviposition sites between treatment and control groups on the 5th day of the experiment, nor was there any significant difference in the fecundity of these groups on the 6th day. [Conclusion] Aloe acetone extracts strongly repelled oviposition by the oriental fruit fly, and could be developed as a natural oviposition repellent. Though the effect of this extract was not very persistent, improved formulation may improve this.

关 键 词：桔小实蝇 芦荟提取物 驱避活性 持效期 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]