山区留守儿童和非留守儿童预防接种现况调查  

A study on the immunization status of the left-behind children in the rural areas of Zhejiang Province

作　　者：叶丽红[1] 钱雨[1] 陈政通 郑卫军[1] 孔丽娅[1] 何寒青[2] 毛盈颖 

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学基础医学院预防医学系,浙江杭州310053 [2]浙江省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《预防医学》2017年第7期660-664,共5页CHINA PREVENTIVE MEDICINE JOURNAL

基　　金：浙江省民政厅政策理论研究规划课题(ZMYB201652);浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划暨新苗人才计划(2016R410013)

摘　　要：目的了解浙江省某山区留守儿童和非留守儿童预防接种情况,为进一步制定留守儿童免疫规划策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,在浙江省某山区抽取4个乡镇12个行政村,以当地0~6岁儿童为研究对象,开展入户问卷调查,了解儿童基本信息及预防接种信息,比较留守儿童和非留守儿童疫苗接种率和接种及时率。结果共发放问卷420份,回收有效问卷416份,问卷有效率为99.05%。其中留守儿童家庭97户,非留守儿童家庭319户。留守儿童97人,占23.32%,非留守儿童319人,占76.68%;男童206人,占49.52%,女童210人,占50.48%;农村户籍376人,占90.38%,城镇户籍40人,占9.61%。留守儿童与非留守儿童免疫规划疫苗全程接种及时率分别为56.94%和60.43%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组儿童单种疫苗接种率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但留守儿童乙肝疫苗第3剂接种及时率低于非留守儿童(P<0.05),乙脑疫苗第1剂接种及时率高于非留守儿童(P<0.05)。结论山区留守与非留守儿童免疫规划五苗接种率差异无统计学意义,但留守儿童乙肝疫苗第三剂接种及时率低于非留守儿童。Objective To investigate the immunization status of the left-behind/non-left-behind children in the rural areas of Zhejiang Province. Methods Multi-stage cluster random sampling was adopted to recruit 0-6 years old children and their guardians in a rural mountainous county in Lishui District of Zhejiang Province. Household survey was conducted using structured questionnaires. Records of vaccination were obtained and verified in the local disease control and prevention center. Results A total of 420 questionnaires were issued, with a number of 416 were complete and valid. The Valid responsive rate was 99.05% . Among them, 97 were left-behind and 319 were non-left-behind children. The immunization coverage rates did not differ significantly between the left-behind and non-left-behind children. The timely immunization rates of the third shot of hepatitis B vaccine and the first shot of encephalitis vaccine differed significantly between left-and non left-behind children （P=0.049 and P=0.044, respectively） . Conclusion Immunization status of the left-behind children in the rural areas of Zhejiang province was in a good condition in general. The local disease control and prevention center should strengthen the communication, to promote immunization knowledge and to improve family supervision of the left-behind children.

关 键 词：留守儿童 免疫规划 接种率 接种及时率 

分 类 号：R285[医药卫生—中药学]