基于分类的资源公平分配决策方法  

A Decision Method of Fair Distribution of Resources Based on Classification

作　　者：曾倩[1] 张锦[1,2] ZENG Qian ZHANG Jin(School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China National United Engineering Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Transportation, Chengdu 610031, China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学交通运输与物流学院,四川成都610031 [2]综合交通运输智能化国家地方联合工程实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《运筹与管理》2017年第6期10-15,共6页Operations Research and Management Science

基　　金：国家社科基金资助项目(16CGL018);四川省软科学研究计划项目(2014ZR0065)

摘　　要：针对资源分配问题,本文提出了基于分类的决策方法以实现效率与公平的权衡。首先,研究了效率最优分配与完全均等分配过程,阐明了边际效用对分配结果的影响,指出个体间边际效用相差越小,两种分配的结果越接近。其次,构建0-1整数规划模型求解分类结果,目标是使类与类之间边际效用相差尽可能小。然后,按类对资源进行分配,类间采用完全均等分配,类中采用效率最优分配。通过选择分类数量可以实现不同程度的公平。最后,运用算例验证方法的有效性,说明分类数量对效率与公平的影响。On account of resources allocation problems, a decision method based on classification is proposed to achieve the trade-off between efficiency and equity goals. Firstly, the efficiency optimal and completely equal allocation methods are studied to reveal the influence of marginal utilities on allocation results. It shows that the smaller the difference between the marginal utilities is, the closer the allocation results of those two methods. Then the 0 - 1 integer programming model is established to solve the clustering results with the objection of mini- mizing the gaps between class marginal utilities. And the resources are allocated by the efficiency optimal method among classes, while completely equal allocation method within each class. The amount of classes can result in different degrees of equity. Finally, a numerical example proves the validity and indicates how the amount of classes affects the efficiency and equity.

关 键 词：资源分配 公平 分类 0-1整数规划 

分 类 号：F252[经济管理—国民经济]