低氨氮废水单级自养脱氮系统的快速构建  

Rapid Construction of Single-stage Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal System Fed with Low Ammonia Nitrogen Wastewater

作　　者：孙青林[1] 黄巍[1] 王颖慕 王佳乐[1] 周健[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400045

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2017年第13期11-15,共5页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07307-002);重庆市社会事业与民生保障科技创新专项(cstc2015sbms-ztzx20003)

摘　　要：针对低氨氮废水单级自养脱氮系统构建困难的瓶颈,采用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR),探讨了接种污水厂脱水污泥的低氨氮废水单级自养脱氮系统快速构建方法。采用进水氨氮浓度梯度运行方式,实现了单级自养脱氮系统的快速构建。第一阶段,在温度为(30±1)℃、氨氮浓度为(190±5)mg/L、进水氮负荷为0.1 kg N/(m3·d)条件下,反应器接种城镇污水厂脱水污泥,经过53 d的运行,快速富集了自养脱氮功能菌,对氨氮、总氮的平均去除率分别为89.81%、74.73%;第二阶段,在进水氮负荷不变、氨氮浓度降至(50±3)mg/L条件下,反应器运行至68 d时,成功构建出低氨氮废水单级自养脱氮系统,稳定运行时的出水氨氮、总氮平均浓度分别为1.41、15.11 mg/L,去除率分别为97.34%、70.79%。PCR-DGGE分析结果表明,单级自养脱氮系统的微生物种群与接种污泥的相似性低,且微生物多样性显著降低,而功能微生物菌群得到优势富集。In order to solve the bottleneck in construction of single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal system, sequencing batch biofilm reactor （SBBR） was adopted to investigate the rapid construction method by inoculating dewatering sludge. The results showed that single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal system could be successfully constructed by taking the gradient running mode of ammonia. When the temperature was （ 30 ± 1 ） ℃, the influent ammonia nitrogen concentration was （ 190± 5 ） mg/L and influent nitrogen load was 0.1 kgN/（m^3 · d）, the reactor successfully enriched the functional bacteria by inoculating the dewatering sludge after 53 d. And the average removal rates of NH4^＋ - N and TN were 89.81% and 74.73%, respectively. When the influent nitrogen load was 0.1 kgN/（m^3 · d） and the influent ammonia nitrogen concentration dropped to （50 ± 3 ） mg/L, the single-stage autotrophie nitrogen removal system fed with low strength ammonia wastewater was successfully constructed after 68 d. The average effluent concentrations of NH4^＋ -N and TN were 1.41 mg/L and 15.11 mg/L, respectively. More-over, the average removal rates of NH4^＋ - N and TN were 97.34% and 70.79%, respectively. The analysis of PCR-DGGE showed that the microbial populations of system had lower similarity with the inoculating sludge. And the diversity of microbia of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal system was decreased, and functional bacterial flora of the system was enriched.

关 键 词：低氨氮废水 单级自养脱氮 微生物系统构建 PCR—DGGE 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]