2011-2015年怀化市5岁以下儿童死因的流行特征分析  

Epidemiologic features of death causes for children under 5 years old,Huai Hua

作　　者：黄志[1] 蒋富香 

机构地区：[1]怀化市妇幼保健院,湖南怀化418000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第13期2323-2326,2332,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解怀化市2011年至2015年5岁以下儿童死亡率及死因流行特征,为降低5岁以下儿童死亡率提供科学依据。方法对怀化市13个县(市、区)2011年至2015年5岁以下2 736例儿童死亡监测资料进行回顾性分析。结果怀化市5岁以下儿童死亡率2011年为10.03‰,2015年下降至8.16‰。前5位的死因依次为肺炎、先天性心脏病、早产或低出生体重、出生窒息、意外窒息。儿童死亡以婴儿死亡为主,占73.90%,死亡率6.99‰,婴儿首位死因为早产或低出生体重,1~4岁儿童首位死因为溺水。儿童死亡率农村(9.83‰)高于城市(6.64‰),农村儿童首位死因为肺炎,城市为出生窒息。非少数民族自治县(10.05‰)高于自治县(8.55‰),少数民族自治县儿童首位死因为早产或低出生体重,非自治县为先天性心脏病。男童(10.13‰)高于女童(8.67‰),男童首位死因为肺炎,女童为先天性心脏病。结论怀化市5岁以下儿童死亡率仍处于较高水平,规范孕产期保健管理服务,加强出生缺陷和儿童意外伤害的干预,是降低该地区5岁以下儿童死亡率的有力措施。Objective To know the mortality and epidemiologic features of death cause for children under 5 years old in Huai Hua from 2011 to 2015, and to provide evidence for reducing mortality. Methods 2 736 case children under 5 years old from 2011 to 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The mortality decreased from 10.03‰ in 2011 to 8.16‰ in 2015. The first five death causes were pneumonia, congenital heart disease, preterm/low birth weight, birth asphyxia and accidental suffuocation. 73.90% of death for children were infants. The first death cause was preterm/low birth weight for infants, and drowning was the first death cause for children aged 1 to 4 years old. The mortality in rural was higher than the city. The first death causes were pneumonia and birth asphyxia in rural and city, respectively. The mortality in the ordinary county was higher than the ethnic minority autonomous county, the first death causes were preterm/low birth and congenital heart disease in ethnic minority autonomous county and ordinary county, respectively. The first death cause for boys was pneumonia, and the mortality was higher than girls,whose first death cause was congenital heart disease. Conclusion There is a high level of mortality for children under 5 years old in Huai Hua. It is effective measures that regulate health care management for the child and strengthen intervention for accidents and birth defect.

关 键 词：儿童 死因 流行特征 

分 类 号：R181.23[医药卫生—流行病学]