红豆杉属植物全球生态适宜性分析研究  

Research and analysis of globally ecological suitability for Taxus plants

作　　者：吴杰[1] 汤欢[1] 黄林芳[2] 李西文[1] 谢彩香[2] 郝大程[3] 陈士林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193 [3]大连交通大学环境化工学院/生物技术研究所,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《药学学报》2017年第7期1186-1195,共10页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：中国中医科学院"十三五"重点领域研究专项(ZZ10-007)

摘　　要：目前,世界上公认具有独特抗癌活性的紫杉醇主要来源于红豆杉属植物,该类植物在全球共有12种,均被所在国列为濒危树种保护。然而可利用的野生红豆杉属植物资源十分有限,急需加大引种栽培以满足人们对紫杉醇的需求。根据红豆杉属植物生长的生态相似性原理预测其在全球的适宜产地,为植物科学引种和合理规划生产布局提出建议。本文采用中国中医科学院中药研究所研发的药用植物全球生态适宜性分析系统(geographic information system for global medicinal plants,GMPGIS)详细分析了红豆杉属植物在全球范围内的潜在生态适宜分布区域。其中,红豆杉、南方红豆杉、欧洲红豆杉、短叶红豆杉和喜马拉雅红豆杉生态阈值范围广,在南北半球均有较大的适生区;东北红豆杉主要分布于北半球,南半球仅有零星分布;加拿大红豆杉、佛罗里达红豆杉和矮紫杉仅分布于北半球,且后两种预测产区相对较少;密叶红豆杉、墨西哥红豆杉和南洋红豆杉生长环境要求相对苛刻,属于小生境物种,在全球范围内有零星分布,面积均较小。本研究为扩大红豆杉属植物的种植,增加其资源量,保障紫杉醇生产的原料起到重要推进作用。最后,本文对红豆杉属植物品质生态及其资源保护等方面进行了阐述,为科学引种和栽培以获得高品质药材提供参考。At present, taxol is an internationally acknowledged drug with a unique anticancer activity in the world and mainly come from Taxus plants, these plants have 12 species, all of which have been listed as endangered tree species and protected by the countries concerned. But available wild Taxus plants resources are rather rare, so it is very urgent to strengthen introduction and cultivation of Taxus plants to meet people＇s demand for taxol. According to the ecological similarity of growth of Taxus plants predict suitable areas in the whole world, which could put forward rational suggestions for introduction and planning production layout of plants. A geographic information system for global medicinal plants（GMPGIS） was developed by Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences independently, and using GMPGIS analyzed in detail the potential ecological suitable areas of Taxus plants. Ecological range of Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Taxus baccata, Taxus brevifolia and Taxus wallichiana covered a wide field, and had larger suitable area in the northern and southern hemispheres; Taxus cuspidate mainly distributed in the northern hemisphere, and only scattered in the southern hemisphere; Taxus canadensis, Taxus floridana and Taxus cuspidata var. nana only distributed in the northern hemisphere, and the latter two prediction areas are relatively less areas; Taxus fauna, Taxus globosa and Taxus sumatrana grew up in relatively strict environment, belong to the niche species, scattered distribution and the distribution of the areas are rare. This research would exert an important promoting effect on the cultivation of Taxus plants and the escalation of abundance to guarantee the sufficient supply of raw materials for taxol production. Finally, this paper summarized the research on the ecological quality and resource conservation of Taxus plants, to provide the reference for scientific introduction and cultivation of Taxus plants.

关 键 词：区划 红豆杉属 紫杉醇 药用植物 生态适宜区 

分 类 号：R931[医药卫生—生药学]