北京话塞擦音的声学格局分析  

The acoustic pattern of affricates in Beijing Mandarin

作　　者：冉启斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学汉语言文化学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2017年第4期459-467,共9页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"普通话语音标准声学和感知参数数据库建设(13&ZD134)"子课题"辅音声学和听辨标准参数"的成果之一

摘　　要：与塞音、擦音等音类相比,针对塞擦音的声学实验研究还不太多。本文从两个方面对塞擦音进行声学分析:1)塞擦音的无声闭塞段时长与有声摩擦段时长;2)塞擦音的擦音部分的谱重心与分散程度。论文在此基础上提出时长性质指数(DI)和摩擦性质指数(FI)来反映塞擦音等辅音的声学性质,并由此构建塞擦音的声学格局。通过这些分析看到,塞擦音中"塞"和"擦"的部分与单纯的塞音和擦音相比在声学性质上有很大程度的改变,这从声学上表明塞擦音不简单地等于"塞音+擦音";塞擦音格局能够比较好地反映相关辅音多方面的特性。Compared with plosives and fricatives,affricates have been poorly studied in terms of acoustic properties.This paper analyzes Mandarin affricates in two perspectives:(1)Duration characteristics,which consist of GAP(duration of closure)and DOF(duration of frication)for affricates;(2)Frication characteristics,which consist of COG(center of gravity)and DIS(dispersion)of affricates.Then duration index(DI)and frication index(FI)are explored to indicate the obstruents'acoustic properties,and acoustic pattern of affricates is established.The main findings are that:(1)compared with simple plosives and fricatives,the plosive parts and the fricative parts of affricates vary in acoustic nature to a large extent,showing that an affricate is not a sequence of a simple stop and a simple fricative.(2)the acoustic pattern of affricates established in this paper suggests various properties of obstruents.

关 键 词：北京话 塞擦音 声学格局 声学分析 

分 类 号：H172.1[语言文字—汉语]