一种湿固化聚氨酯的合成、表征及在文物中的应用  

Synthesis and Application of Moisture Curable Polyurethane as the Consolidant for Cultural Relics

作　　者：赵星[1] 王丽琴[1] 卞尚 赵西晨 董欣欣[1] 乔成全 

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710069 [2]陕西省考古研究院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《化学试剂》2017年第7期699-702,共4页Chemical Reagents

基　　金：国家文物局文化遗产保护领域科学和技术研究课题项目(20110213);西北大学研究生创新项目(YZZ14090);"边疆考古与中国文化认同"协同创新中心专项经费项目(0102-111020001)

摘　　要：研制了一种文物保护用湿固化聚氨酯加固剂,利用分光光度计、万能材料试验机等对其透光性、机械性能和吸水性进行了表征,并应用于出土竹笥和炭化宣纸的加固保护。实验结果表明,聚氨酯薄膜无色透明,可见光区透光率为90%;断裂延伸率高达351.09%;水浸泡24 h后吸水率达53.65%,干燥后未出现明显形变,韧性和质量基本恢复到浸泡前状态。加固后竹笥和炭化宣纸的机械性能显著提高,加固效果良好;炭化宣纸表面肉眼无法识别的字迹信息经多光谱摄影后清晰可见。该研究为高湿环境下脆弱有机质文物加固、炭化纸质文物字迹恢复提供了一条新的途径。In this work,a kind of moisture curable polyurethane（MCPU） for the conservation of cultural relics was synthesized.Instruments such as a spectrophotometer and a universal material testing machine were utilized to test the transmittance,mechanical property and water absorption ability of MCPU.In addition,MCPU was performed to consolidate the carbonizedxuan paper and the zhusi residues（a kind of vessels which was made of plant fiber） excavated in the archaeological sites.The results illustrated that the cured MCPU film was transparent with 90% light transmittance and the fracture elongation rate could reach 351.09%.The water absorption rate climbed to 53.65% after being immersed in water for 24 hours,the toughness and quality recovered to the original conditions before immersion and there were no discolorations,blisters,spots or obvious deformations after dehydration.The consolidation experiment showed that the mechanical properties of the zhusi and the carbonized xuan paper improved significantly after reinforcement with MCPU,and the manuscript information which could not be observed on the carbonized xuan paper could be clearly identified by a multispectral photography.Consequently,this work provides a new way for the consolidation of fragile organic relics in the humid environment and as well as the recovery of the manuscript on carbonized paper.

关 键 词：湿固化聚氨酯 加固剂 高湿环境 有机质文物 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] K854.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]