我国大气中挥发性有机物的分布特征  

Characteristics of volatile organic compounds in China

作　　者：李博伟[1,2] 黄宇[2] 何世恒[2] 薛永刚[2] 刘随心[2] 程燕[1] 王丽琴[2] 曹军骥[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院地球环境科学系,西安710049 [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所中国科学院气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室,西安710061

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2017年第3期225-242,共18页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41401567;41573138)~~

摘　　要：大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)是臭氧和二次有机气溶胶形成的关键前体物之一,研究表明烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃是我国大气VOCs的重要组分。在不同区域,城市地区烷烃含量最高,而偏远地区芳香烃为含量最丰富的VOCs。VOCs浓度日间变化多呈双峰分布趋势,峰值多出现在早晨与傍晚的上下班高峰期。目前对我国臭氧污染事件的研究均表明芳香烃和烯烃是对臭氧生成贡献最大的化合物。VOCs源解析中广泛运用的模型包括CMB、PMF和PCA/APCS,各模型均存在优点和局限性。比较各地VOCs源解析结果,发现交通排放源和工业排放源为我国VOCs的主要人为来源。VOCs的跨区域传输决定与周边地区的合作将是未来空气治理中的发展方向。Background, aim, and scope Volatile organic compounds （VOCs） are a series of atmospheric pollutants that are characterized as high volatility, and strong environmental impact. Some of VOCs are smelly, toxic and carcinogenic, which do harm to human health. In addition, Most of VOCs are key precursors of tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol. In recent years, the concentrations of ground level ozone are increasing in many megacities of China, especially in Beijing, Pearl River Delta （PRD） and Yangtze River Delta （YRD） region. Consequently, identifying the distributions and profiles of VOCs is in urgent need for environmental management. In contrast to our country, USA and Europe have conducted more comprehensive studies on VOCs, and most information we use are referenced from these foreign countries, thus it＇s necessary to establish our own test method and database. Materials and methods This paper reviews studies about VOCs in China, of which thedistribution, sources apportionment, and effects on ozone and secondary organic aerosol （SOA） formation were discussed in detail. Results In China, the concentrations of VOCs are mainly affected by anthropogenic sources, such as combustion processes （utilizing fossil fuels, petroleum refining, and storage）, distribution of petroleum products, solvent use and other industrial processes. Alkanes, alkenes and aromatics are the most abundant VOCs in China, and concentrations and composition of VOCs vary with sites. In China, ground-level ozone production was limited by the concentrations of VOCs in most eastern urban areas, and limited by NOx in western areas. Industry and traffic emissions are the top two emission sources of VOCs in China. Discussion In general, concentrations of VOCs is higher in megacities, and it is found that VOCs level in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou is higher than other cities, while composition of VOCs in remote sites is mainly influenced by long range atmospheric transport and biogenic emission. The concentration of at

关 键 词：挥发性有机物(VOCs) 源解析 分布特征 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]