土质公路边坡植被对人工降水径流的影响  

Effects of Highway Soil Slope of Vegetation on Artificial Rainfall Runoff

作　　者：赵乾程 陶玲[1] 张军[1,2] 闫洁[1] 王玉君[1] 任珺 

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省环境科学设计研究院,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《兰州交通大学学报》2017年第3期106-111,共6页Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University

基　　金：甘肃省交通厅科技资助项目(2013-09)

摘　　要：为了恢复兰永公路的边坡植被并研究植被对边坡防护的影响,在项目区K35+495~K35+768段(经纬度:(103.1906704E,35.997268N)进行人工模拟降水实验.在五种植被(沙冬青、紫穗槐、梭梭、花棒、柽柳)坡面上进行人工降水,分析了不同降水强度(0.5mm/min、1mm/min和2mm/min)对边坡产流时间、产流量、平均入渗率、径流转化率的影响.结果表明:1)沙冬青、紫穗槐在降水过程中对边坡产流时间、产流量、平均入渗率、径流转化率的影响无显著性差异,能显著地延迟产流时间、削减产流量,降低径流转化率.尤其是降水强度为1.0mm/min时,效果显著,其产流时间分别提高了84.7%、118.6%,产流量分别降低25.8%、29.0%,径流转化率分别降低8.1%、12.1%.2)梭梭和柽柳总体上在同一降水强度下,产流时间、平均入渗率和径流转化率无显著性差异,并且提高了边坡土壤的入渗,在降水强度为0.5mm/min时,其平均入渗率分别提高了52.8%、43.4%.3)花棒能显著提高产流时间,在降水强度为0.5mm/min、1.0mm/min和2.0mm/min时,其产流时间分别提高了51.4%、51.3%和59.0%.In order to restore the vegetation on the slope of Lan-Yong highway and to expolre the effect of vegetation on slope protection, the artificial rainfall experiment was carried out in the project area-K35 ＋ 495 ？ K35 ＋ 768 （latitude and longitude： 103. 1906704 E, 35. 997268 N）. The artificial rainfall was carried out on five types of vegetation（ Ammopiptanthus mongolicus,Amor- pha fruticosa, Haloxylon ammodendron, Hedysarum scoparium and Tamarix chinensis） , and the impact of different rainfall intensities（0. 5 mm/min,l mm/min and 2 mm/min） on time of runoff, runoff,average infiltration rate and runoff conversion rate were studied. The results showed that （1） Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and Amorpha fruticosa had no significant difference on time of runoff, runoff, average infiltration rate and runoff conversion rate. In the process of artificial rain-fall, the time of runoff was significantly delayed, and the runoff was cut, besides with that runoff conversion rate was reduced. Especially when the rainfall intensity was 1. 0mm/min,the effect was significant. For which, the time of runoff was increased by 84. 7 % and 118. 6% ？ runoff was decreased by 25. 8% and 2 9 % ？and the runoff conversion rate was decreased by 8. 1 % and 12. 1 % , respectively. （2） For Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix chinensis in the same rainfall intensi-ty , the time of runoff and average infiltration rate and runoff conversion rate had no significant difference so that they can be substituted by each other. Infiltration of slope soil was significantly improved by Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix chinensis. The average infiltration rate was increased by 52. 8% and 43. 4% when the rainfall intensity was 1. 0mm/min. （3） Hedysarum sco- parium had significantly improved the time of runoff. The time of runoff was respectively in-creased by 51. 4%,51. 3% and 59% when the rainfall intensity was 0. 5 mm/min,l . 0 mm/min and 2. 0 mm/min.

关 键 词：公路边坡 植被 人工降水 水土流失 

分 类 号：S157.9[农业科学—土壤学]