药用大黄地上部分化学成分  

Isolation and Identification of Chemical Constituents from Aerial Parts of Rheum officinale

作　　者：咸婧[1] 符江[2] 程锦堂[1] 章军[1] 焦梦姣 王淑慧[1] 刘安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学药物研究所,北京100050

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2017年第14期45-51,共7页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家"重大新药创制"科技重大专项(2014ZX09304307-001);中国中医科学院自主选题研究项目(ZXKT15032);中国中医科学院"十三五"重点领域研究专项(ZZ10-007)

摘　　要：目的:对蓼科Polygonaceae植物药用大黄Rheum officinale的干燥地上部分进行化学成分研究,从物质基础的角度探寻其作为药用资源的可能性。方法:取干燥药用大黄地上部分5 kg依次用95%,75%乙醇回流提取,减压回收溶剂至无醇味,分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯萃取,采用多种色谱技术对乙酸乙酯部分及萃取后剩余的水相进行分离纯化,应用~1H-NMR,^(13)C-NMR,2D NMR,MS等现代分析技术进行结构鉴定。结果:从乙酸乙酯部分及水相中共分离鉴定了16个化合物,分别为4-methyl-6,8-dihydroxy-7H-benz[de]anthracen-7-one(1),大黄素-8-甲醚(2),emodin bianthrones B(3),emodin bianthrones A(4),6'-乙酰基-大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),6'-乙酰基-大黄素甲醚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6),二氢高良姜醇(7),rumexneposides B(8),迷人醇(9),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10),杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11),2″-O-galloylvitexin(12),槲皮素-3-O-刺槐双糖(13),山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(14),1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid(15),kaempferol-3-O-[6″-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)glucoside](16)。其中6个蒽醌类化合物(2~6,9),7个黄酮类化合物(7,10~14,16),1个吲哚类化合物(15)及2个酚类化合物(1,8)。结论:化合物1~16均为首次从大黄属中分离得到。经综合对比,发现药用大黄地上部分的化学成分与传统药用部位根及根茎相似,主要为蒽醌类、黄酮类、酚类化合物等。这为大黄地上部分药用资源的开发利用提供了一定的化学依据。Objective： To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Rheum officinale and get knowledge of the chemical constituents in these parts to evaluate its potential in sustainable utilization. Method： The 5 kg aerial parts of the dry R. officinale were extracted sequentially with 95% ethanol and 75% ethanol, then the solvent was decompressed and recovered to no alcohol flavor, and extracted with petroleum ether （PE） and ethyl acetate （EtOAc） respectively to yield ethyl acetate and water soluble fractions. The two parts were subjected to various column chromatography methods for isolation and purification respectively. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on their physical and chemical properties, as well as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR, MS and other spectroscopic methods. Result： Sixteen compounds were isolated from R. officinale, and were identified as 4-methyl-6, 8-dihydroxy-7H-benz [ de ] anthracen-7-one （ 1 ） , questin （ 2 ） , emodinbianthrones B （3）, emodin bianthrones A （4）, emodin-8-O-β-D- （6＇-O-acetyl） glucoside （5）, physcion-8-O-β- D- （6＇-O-acetyl） glucoside （6）, pinobaksin （7）, rumexneposides B （8）, fallacinol （9）, quercetin-3-O-β-D- glucopyranoside （ 10 ）, myricetin-3-O-/3-D-glucopyranoside （ 11 ）, 2＂-O-galloylvitexin （ 12 ）, quercetin-3-O- robinobioside （13）, kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl- （1±6） -β-D-glucopyranoside （14）, 1-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid （15）, and kaempferol-3-O- [ 6＂-O- （3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl） glucoside] （16）, including six anthraquinones, seven flavonoids, one indole and two phemolic compounds. Conclusion： Compounds 1-16 were isolated from the genus Rheum for the first time. The conducted study showed that the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of R. officinale were quite similar with those from the roots and rhizomes of traditional medicinal parts, mainly including anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenolic

关 键 词：药用大黄 地上部分 蒽醌 黄酮 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]