雅鲁藏布江两岸环境硒分布特征及与大骨节病发病的关系  

The relationship between environment selenium characteristic and distribution of Kaschin-Beck disease in the Yarlung Zangbo River banks

作　　者：郭亚南[1,2,3] 李海蓉[1,2] 杨林生[1,2] 郭敏[3] 韦炳干[1] 李永华[1] 龚弘强[1] 王五一[1] 德吉央宗[3] 赵生成[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所“陆地表层格局与模拟”院重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [3]西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心地方病防治研究所,拉萨850000

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2017年第7期494-497,共4页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑课题（2013BAC04803）;国家自然科学基金（41671500、41171081）

摘　　要：目的了解雅鲁藏布江南北两岸环境硒分布特征及其与大骨节病的关系，为西藏大骨节病的防治提供科学参考。方法根据病情分布及自然地理条件，2013、2015年选取雅鲁藏布江北岸大骨节病重病区谢通门县和南岸非病区拉孜县、萨迦县作为调查点，采集饮用水、土壤、粮食、牧草和儿童头发等样品，采用氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定样品硒含量。结果共采集自然土壤、耕作土壤、饮用水、粮食、牧草246份，8-13岁儿童发样103份。南岸非病区的自然土壤、耕作土壤、牧草、青稞、糌粑、自产小麦硒含量均高于北岸病区[中位数（μg/kg）：288．62比134．90。228．26比160．28，41．85比5．10，13．99比4．02，12．64比8．07，27．44比13．56，U=7、23、0、19、62、0，P均〈0．05]。北岸病区儿童发硒含量低于南岸非病区[mg／kg：0．221比0．306，U=650，P〈O．01]，北岸病区有65．45％（36／55）的儿童体内硒水平处于缺乏和边缘缺乏状态。结论雅鲁藏布江北岸大骨节病病区从土壤到植物再到动物（人）的地理生态系中硒水平显著低于南岸非病区，低硒环境是北岸病区大骨节病病情活跃的重要因素之一。Objective To study the relationship between environment selenium distribution characteristic and Kaschin-Beek disease （KBD） in the Yarlung Zangbo River banks and to provide some measures for prevention and control of KBD in the north side of the river bank. Methods Considering the geography and KBD distribution, we made a survey in Xietongmen （KBD area）, Lazi and Sajia （non-KBD area） counties in 2013 and 2015. Water, soil, herbage, grain food and children hair samples were collected. Selenium of the samples was measured by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Results A total of 246 samples of natural soil, cultivated soil, drinking water, food and forage, and 103 samples of children hair were collected. The selenium in natural soil, cultivated soil, herbage, barley, tsampa, self-produced wheat in non-KBD area in the south side of Yarlung Zangbo River bank were significantly higher than those in KBD areas in the north side [mean （μg/kg）： 288.62 vs 134.90, 228.26 vs 160.28, 41.85 vs 5.10, 13.99 vs 4.02, 12.64 vs 8.07, 27.44 vs 13.56, U = 7, 23, 0, 19, 62, 0, P 〈 0.05]. Hair selenium in school children in KBD area in the north side was higher than that previously reported, but still significantly lower than that in non-KBD areas in the south side of the river bank [mg/kg： 0.221 vs 0.306, U = 650, P 〈 0.01], and about 65.45% （36/55）of school children in KBD area were at a risk of selenium deficiency in the north of the Yarlung Zangbo River bank. Conclusions The selenium content in the food chain of soil- plants-animals （human being） is significantly lower in KBD area in the north side of Yarlung Zangbo River bank than that in non-KBD areas in the south side. It＇s still a key factor for the occurrence and prevalence of KBD that low selenium in environment in KBD areas in the north side.

关 键 词：大骨节病 硒 粮食 土壤 

分 类 号：R684.1[医药卫生—骨科学]