应用2种风险评价方法评估某胶合板制造企业甲醛危害风险级别  

Comparing the risk of formaldehyde in a plywood manufacturing factory with two risk assessment methods

作　　者：王庆荣[1,2] 王艳华[2] 刘宗伟[1] 邱玉刚[1] 纪乾鹏 王婷[2] 张秀川[1] 段化伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院公共卫生与管理学院,山东潍坊261053 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2017年第3期309-312,共4页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAI12B02)

摘　　要：目的比较2种风险评价方法对某胶合板制造企业不同工作岗位甲醛的职业健康危害风险分级结果。方法对山东省某胶合板制造企业进行现场职业卫生调查,检测工作场所甲醛水平。采用美国国家环境保护署(EPA)吸入风险模型(以下简称"EPA评价模型")进行甲醛的致癌风险评估,采用新加坡化学毒物职业暴露半定量风险模型(以下简称"MOM评价模型")进行甲醛的健康风险评估,比较两者的风险分级结果。结果削片、上料、制胶、热磨、热压、砂光及后处理岗位甲醛质量浓度分别为0.25、0.13、1.47、0.72、0.92和0.58 mg/m^3。EPA评价模型对上述6个工作岗位的致癌风险评估结果均为高致癌风险。MOM评价模型对于健康风险评估结果,在上料岗位为中等风险,在削片、热磨、热压、砂光及后处理岗位均为高风险,在制胶岗位为极高风险。结论胶合板生产过程中多个工作岗位存在较高水平的甲醛接触。EPA评价模型更适合用于甲醛的职业性致癌风险评估。ctive To compare and analyze the risk of formaldehyde hazards in a plywood manufacturing factory using two risk assessment methods, and to evaluate the occupational health risk.Methods Occupational health investigation and formaldehyde detection for workplaces were carried out in a plywood manufacturing factory in Shandong province.The risk ratings of different posts were assessed by US Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） inhalation risk （EPA assessment model） and Singapore Semi-quantitative Assessment Model （MOM assessment model）.The risk classification results of the 2 risk assessment methods were compared and analyzed.Results The concentration of airborne formaldehyde on the positions of shaving, woods feeding, gluing, hot milling, hot pressing, sanding and reprocessing were 0.25, 0.13, 1.47, 0.72, 0.92 and 0.58 mg/m3, respectively.By the EPA assessment model, all of the positions were evaluated as high carcinogenic risk.Through the MOM assessment model, the feeding position was evaluated as medium risk, the positions of shaving, hot milling, hot pressing sanding and reprocessing were high risk, and the position of gluing was higher risk.Conclusion It suggests that there is a high formaldehyde exposure in several posts in the plywood production processing.EPA assessment model is a suitable for occupational health risk assessment for formaldehyde exposure.

关 键 词：甲醛 风险评估 致癌风险 健康风险 职业危害 职业接触 职业健康 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]