中国陆相蒸发岩盆地中烃源岩的发育规律及其生排烃特征研究进展  

Progress in Researches of Developmental Rule and the Hydrocarbon Generation and Expulsion Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in Terrestrial Evaporite Basins of China

作　　者：吴小力[1] 刘翰林[2] 李荣西[1] 李得路[1] 赵帮胜 程敬华[1] 韦景林 朱倩萍 Wu Xiaoli Liu Hanlin Li Rongxi Li Delu Zhao Bangsheng Cheng Jinghua Wei Jinglin Zhu Qianping(School of Earth Science and Resource,Chang＇an University, Xi＇an 710054, China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi＇an Shiyou University, Xi＇an 710065, China Changqing Division, China Petroleum Logging Co. Ltd. , Xi＇an 710299, China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,西安710054 [2]西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,西安710065 [3]中国石油测井有限公司长庆事业部,西安710299

出　　处：《地质科技情报》2017年第4期183-192,共10页Geological Science and Technology Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41173055);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(310827172101)

摘　　要：通过大量文献调研和多学科综合分析,探讨了我国陆相蒸发岩与烃源岩的成因联系以及蒸发岩对烃源岩生排烃的影响,力求系统、深入地阐述蒸发岩盆地中烃源岩的发育规律及其生排烃特征。结果表明:在蒸发岩盆地中内源有机质和外源有机质的来源都有一定的保障;盐湖中的水体分层为有机质的保存提供了极为有利的条件,有机质富集的"生"、"运"、"聚"、"保"条件都具备。因此,蒸发岩盆地的半深湖-深湖区成为有机质富集的有利区。蒸发岩盆地中烃源岩形成时为强还原环境,且盐类物质含量高,同时因为膏盐岩的高热导率和致密性等特征,使得蒸发岩盆地中烃源岩生排烃过程和产物都受到影响。在盐类催化作用下,烃源岩生排烃阶段提前,相同演化阶段油、气产率以及排烃率均较高。但目前,在蒸发岩盆地中烃源岩的研究仍存在诸多不足,需要对蒸发岩盆地沉积作用和有机质富集机理进行系统性研究,在盐类物质对烃源岩生排烃的催化机理、催化效应的定量化以及蒸发岩盆地中烃源岩评价标准的建立等方面做进一步的深化研究。Based on literature research and multi-disciplinary comprehensive analyses,this paper studies the genetic relationship of the evaporites and hydrocarbon source rocks,the evaporite＇s effect on hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in terrestrial evaporite basins of China with systematical elaboration of the developmental rule of hydrocarbon source rocks and the characteristics of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in evaporite basins.The results show that there are relatively enough inner organic matter and outer organic matter in evaporite basins.Organic matter has superior preservation condition due to the stratified water,and its enriching conditions of generating,migrating,accumulating and preserving are favorable.Hence,deep to semi-deep areas of evaporite basin can become the beneficial environment of organic matter enrichment.Hydrocarbon source rocks develop in the condition of strong reducibility and high salinity,and the gypsum-salt rocks have the characters of high thermal conductivity and compactness,which affect the processes and products of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in the evaporite basin.Under the influence of catalyst,hydrocarbon source rocks have the characteristics of early hydrocarbon generation and expulsion.Meanwhile,oil yield and gas yield in the evaporite basin are higher than those of normal basins in the same stage of evolution.It is suggested that some further researches should be made in systematic study on sedimentation and organic matter enrichment,catalytic mechanism of evaporites,the quantification of catalytic effect and valuation criteria of hydrocarbon source rocks in evaporite basins.

关 键 词：蒸发岩 烃源岩 蒸发岩盆地 有机质富集 生排烃特征 

分 类 号：TE122.221[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]