Occurrence of internally ovipositing non-agaonid wasps and pollination mode of the associated agaonid wasps  

作　　者：Xinmin Zhang Darong Yang 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province,College of Forestry,Southwest Forest University [2]Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences

出　　处：《Plant Diversity》2017年第3期130-134,共5页植物多样性（英文版）

基　　金：funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30571507,30670358)

摘　　要：Figs(Ficus, Moraceae) and their pollinating fig wasps(Hymenoptera, Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea) are a striking example of obligate mutualism and coevolution. Agaonid females enter the figs to lay their eggs,but also actively or passively transport pollen into the figs at the same time. We examined eight related fig tree species pollinated by host specific Eupristina agaonids to determine the relationships between pollination mode, host pollen, ovule ratios and the ability of the figs to recruit additional non-agaonid pollinators. Uniquely amongst the eight Eupristina species, the pollinator of Ficus curtipes has nonfunctional pollen pockets and no coxal combs, showing that it pollinates passively. Reflecting this, the anther-to-ovule ratio of F. curtipes is unusually high.In addition to the agaonids, figs support many species of 'non-pollinating fig wasps'(NPFW) that are typically ovule gallers or parasitoids. These mainly oviposit from outside the figs but there are a few species of NPFW that are like agaonids and enter the figs to oviposit. Two of the eight Eupristina pollinated fig trees support host specific internally-ovipositing fig wasps belonging to the chalcidoid genera Diaziella(Sycoecinae) and Lipothymus(Otitesellinae). Reflecting the trees' pollination modes, these fig wasps act as supplementary pollinators of F. curtipes, but not of Ficus glaberrima, where agaonid pollination is active.Figs （Ficus, Moraceae） and their pollinating fig wasps （Hymenoptera, Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea） are a striking example of obligate mutualism and coevolution. Agaonid females enter the figs to lay their eggs, but also actively or passively transport pollen into the figs at the same time. We examined eight related fig tree species pollinated by host specific Eupristina agaonids to determine the relationships between pollination mode, host pollen, ovule ratios and the ability of the figs to recruit additional non-agaonid pollinators. Uniquely amongst the eight Eupristina species, the pollinator of Ficus curtipes has non- functional pollen pockets and no coxal combs, showing that it pollinates passively. Reflecting this, the anther-to-ovule ratio of F. curt/pes is unusually high. In addition to the agaonids, figs support many species of ＇non-pollinating fig wasps＇ （NPFW） that are typically ovule gallers or parasitoids. These mainly oviposit from outside the figs but there are a few species of NPFW that are like agaonids and enter the figs to oviposit. Two of the eight Eupristina polli- nated fig trees support host specific internally-ovipositing fig wasps belonging to the chalcidoid genera Diaziella （Sycoecinae） and Lipothyrnus （Otitesellinae）. Reflecting the trees＇ pollination modes, these fig wasps act as supplementary pollinators of E curtipes, but not of Ficus glaberrirna, where agaonid pollination is active.

关 键 词：AGAONIDAE FICUS Parasites POLLINATION Coevolution MUTUALISM 

分 类 号：Q948.122[生物学—植物学]